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HISTORY        i-^i 


OF  THB 


UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  ACADEMY, 


WITH  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES, 

AN3>  THE  NAMES  OP  ALL  TIES 

SUPERINTEimENTS,  PROFESSORS  AND  GRADUATES, 

TO  WmOH  18  ADDED  A  KECORD   OF  SOME  OP  THE  EA.EL1EST  VOTES   BY  CONGRESS,   OP 
THANKS,   MEDALS,   AND  SWOKDS  TO  NAVAL  OFFICERS. 


BY  EDWARD  CHAUXCEY  IfARSHALL,  A.  M.,-^ 

VOBMEKLY   INSTRUCTOR  IN  CAPTAIW   KINSLHy'S  MILITARY  SCHOOL  AT  WKSI  POINT,  ASSISTANT  PBOFBSSOR 

IN   THK  N.   Y.    UNIVERSITY,  ETC. 


"  Flag  of  the  seas  I  on  ocean's  wave 
Thy  stars  shall  glitter  o'er  the  brave, 

*  *  i^  *  Ht  * 

Each  dying  wanderer  of  the  sea 
Shall  look  at  once  to  heaven  and  thee. 
And  smile  to  see  thy  splendors  fly 
In  triumph  o'er  his  closing  pye !" 
J.  Rodman 


NEW  YORK: 


D.    VAN    JSrpSTRAND,    192    BROADWAY 


1862. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1862,  by 

D.  VAjST  NOSTRAND, 

In  the  Clerk's  OfiBce  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


TO  Tira 


n,  iihwn  MtUts, 


BY 
WHOSE     WISDOM,    PATRIOTISM,    AND      FIRMNESS, 

THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  ACADEMY 

HAS      BEEN     PRESERVED     TO     THE     COUNTRY      FROM 

DANQEE8  WHICH  IMPERILLED  ITS    EXISTENCE, 
THE     AUTHOR,     VERY      RESPECTFULLY, 

iQttiUzUB  iliz  littlt  Tolnrnt 

OF   ITS 

HISTORY. 


PREFACE. 


The  language  of  Horace,  Vixere  fortes  ante  Agamemnona 
may  be  applied,  justly,  to  the  Naval  Academy. 

While  we  rejoice  at  the  skill  of  our  naval  cadets,  we  must 
not  depreciate  the  merits  of  their  seniors  in  the  service.  It 
was  the  science  already  existing  in  the  navy  which  created  the 
Academy,  and  the  superior  discipline  and  accurate  firing  of 
the  naval  cadets,  besides  evincing  the  excellence  of  their  at- 
tainments, reflect  additional  glory  upon  the  older  oflScers. 
By  the  older  officers  the  Academy  was  organized,  and  has 
been  brought  to  its  present  condition  of  admirable  efficiency 
in  imparting  a  scientific  education  to  the  eUves  of  the  navy. 

Full  access  to  public  documents  has  been  had,  considerable 
assistance  has  been  rendered,  also,  by  naval  officers  and  mid- 
shipmen, in  the  preparation  of  this  work,  and,  it  is  believed, 
that  the  statements  here  made  are  reliable. 

New  York,  March,  1862. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

PAGE. 

Alexander  Hamilton's  plan  for  a  Military  Academy. — A  Naval 
School  recommended  in  1814. — Successive  recommendations  and 
discussions.— Failures 11 

CHAPTER  II. 

The  School  is  founded  by  the  Hon.  George  Bancroft. — His  letter  to 
Commander  Buchanan 19 

CHAPTER  III. 

History  of  Mr.  Bancroft's  efforts  and  success. — The  School  is  opened. 
— ^Its  first  Officers  and  text-books  ^ — The  Quarters  at  Fort  Sev- 
ern.— A  Naval  Ball 25 

CHAPTER  IV. 

The  first  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  school. — Commander 
Upshur  as  Superintendent. — Revised  regulations. — A  practice 
Ship. -^Commander  Stribling  as  Superintendent. — The  first  cruise 
of  the  Preble. — The  four  years'  course. — The  professors  and  offi- 
cers      31 


8  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  V. 

PAGB. 

The  cruises  of  1852-3. — Commander  G-oldsborough  as  Superin- 
tendent.— The  cruises  of  1854-5-6. — Capt.  George  S.  Blake  as 
Superintendent. — The  Board  of  Examiners  for  1857. — The  cruise 
of  the  Plymouth  in  1858. — The  frigate  Constitution 35 

CHAPTER  VI. 

The  cruise  of  1860. — Commander  Craven's  report 41 

CHAPTER  Vn. 

Perilous  times. — Secession. — The  Massachusetts  8th. — Removal  to 
Newport,  R.  I. — Quarters  of  the  officers  and  midshipmen 44 

CHAPTER  Vni. 

The  Buildings  and  grounds  at  AnnapoUs. — Fort  Severn. — Laboratory 
and  Armory. — Quarters  of  the  Midshipmen. — Recitation  Hall.- 
Mess  Hall. — Library  and  Lyceum. — Trophies  of  Naval  Yictories,     50 

CHAPTER  IX. 

The  Chapel. — The  Observatory. — Midshipmen's  Monument. — Hos- 
pital.— Boat  House. — Quarters  of  the  officers  and  professors. — 
Naval  Monument. — Monument  to  Lieut.  Herndon. — Old  Iron  Sides,     57 

CHAPTER  X. 

The  Academic  Staffi — Examinations. — Midshipmen  on  Furlough. — 
Merit  Roll. — Conduct  Roll. — Punishments 63 

CHAPTER  XL 

Daily  division  of  time. — Section-formations. — Captains  of  Crews. — 
The  Mess  Table.— Tattoo  and  Taps.—Balmy  Sleep 68 


t 


CONTENTS.  9 

CHAPTER  XII. 

PAGE. 

Routine  on  the  Constitution. — Stowing  Hammocks  and  Washing. — 
Roll  call,  Inspection,  Breakfast. — Study. — Parade.- — Tattoo. — 
Etiquette 13 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

Naval  and  military  organization  of  the  midshipmen. — ^Watchmen.— 
Uniform. — Lawrence  Literary  Society. — Hops  and  Balls 82 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Sketches.  —  Captain  Buchanan.  —  Commander  Upshur.  —  Captain 
Stribling 8*7 

CHAPTER  XV. 
Captain  Goldsborough. — Captain  Blake 93 

CHAPTER   XVI. 

Professor  Chauvenet. — Brigadier-General  Lockwood. — Professor 
Coffin. — Professor  Girault. — Professor  Nourse. — Professor  Hop- 
kins.— Professor  Winlock. — Professor  Smith 99 

CHAPTER   XVII. 

Captain  Craven. — Officers  at  Port  Royal. — Importance  of  naval  and 
military  schools. — Opinion  of  "Washington. — "War  with  a  European 
power 104 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

The  first  two  assistants  at  the  Academy. — Lieut.  Samuel  Marcy. — 
Captain  James  H.  Ward.—"  Flag  of  the  Seas" 112 


10  CONTENTS. 

APPENDIX. 

PAOB. 

L     The  Appointment  of  Candidates  and  their  Qualifications. ...  131 

II,     Programme  of  Studies 135 

TIT.     Merit  RoUs 13T 

lY.     Officers  and  Professors  of  the  Academy  from  1845  to  the 

present  time 139 

V.     Graduates  not  of  the  Four  Years'  Course 141 

YL     Graduates  who  were  in  the  Four  Years'  Course 144 

YII.  A  list  of  the  Officers  to  whom  thanks,  medals,  and  Swords 
have  been  voted  by  Congress  for  our  earlier  naval  victories 
— Note  by  the  author. — Commodore  Chauncey. — Commo- 
dore Paulding. — Prize-money  to  the  victors 146 


HISTOEY  OF  THE  NAVAL  ACADEMY. 


CHAPTEE    I. 

ALEXANDER  HAMILTON'S  PLAN  FOR  A  MILITARY  ACAD- 
EMY.—A  NAYAL  SCHOOL  RECOMMENDED  IN  1814.— SUC- 
CESSIYE  RECOMMENDATIONS  AND  DISCUSSIONS.— FAIL- 
URES. 

The  management  of  the  naval  affairs  of  tlie  United 
States  was  confided,  first,  by  Congress,  during  the 
revolution,  to  a  Naval  Committee,  who  were  appointed 
on  the  11th  of  December,  1775.  The  administration 
of  this  branch  of  the  public  service  was  vested  in 
Commissioners  on  the  ninth  day  of  June,  1779,  and  on 
the  twenty-eighth  of  October,  in  the  same  year,  a  Board 
of  Admiralty  was  established  to  superintend  the  naval 
and  marine  affairs  of  the  United  States.  Two  years 
later,  also,  a  Secretary  of  Marine  was  appointed,  who 
executed  all  the  duties  of  the  Board  of  Admiralty."^ 

After  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution,  the 

*Seybert's  Statistical  Annals,  p.  637. 


12  HISTORY    OF   THE 

Department  of  "War  was  organized  by  act  of  Congress, 
on  the  7tli  of  August,  1789,  which  included,  also,  the 
'  department  of  the  navy,  and  these  two  departments 
were  united  during  a  period  of  about  nine  years. 
Henry  Knox,  Timothy  Pickering  and  James  McHenry 
were  the  first  Secretaries  who  were  charged'  with  the 
management  of  both  military  and  naval  affairs.  The 
''act  to  establish  an  executive  department  to  be  de- 
nominated the  Department  of  the  Navy"  was  passed 
on  the  30th  of  April,  1798. 

The  first  official  recommendation  of  a  naval  school 
for  the  United  States,  was  made  by  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton, the  Inspector-General,  then,  of  the  army,  in  his 
plan  for  a  military  academy  which  he  submitted  to 
his  former  companion-in-arms  in  the  revolution,  James 
McHenry,  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  to  General  Wash- 
ington,  who  was  in  retirement  at  Mount  Vernon.  It 
is  an  interesting  fact,  to  record,  also,  that  the  last  letter 
upon  public  questions  ever  written  by  General  Wash- 
ington, of  which  we  have  any  knowledge,  was  his  reply 
to  Hamilton  approving  of  this  plan.  Two  days  after 
writing  this  letter,  George  Washington  died. 

Hamilton's  plan  for  the  military  academy  was  sub- 
mitted to  Congress  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  January, 
1800,  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  with  the  approval  of 
the  President,  John  Adams ;   the  organization  recom- 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  13 

mended  was  as  follows,  viz.:  ''This  academy  shall 
consist  of  fonr  schools,  one  to  be  called  the  Funda- 
mental School,  another  the  School  of  Engineers  and 
Artillerists,  another  the  School  of  Cavalry  and  In- 
fantry, and  a  fourth  the  School  of  the  K'avy."  By  the 
act  which  was  passed  on  the  sixteenth  day  of  March, 
1802,  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment,  the 
academy  was  organized,  to  be  located  at  West  Point, 
but  the  only  schools  founded  were  the  fundamental 
school,  and  the  school  of  the  engineers  and  artillerists  ; 
no  provision  was  made  for  the  school  of  the  navy. 
From  an  examination  of  General  Hamilton's  plan  it  is 
evident  that  the  idea  which  prevailed,  at  that  early 
period,  of  the  united  administration  of  naval  and  mili- 
tary affairs  in  one  department,  produced,  also,  quite 
naturally,  the  proposed  combination  of  a  naval  with  a 
military  school. 

In  March,  1808,  General  Jonathan  Williams,  of  the 
Engineers,  the  Superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy, 
from  its  organization,  recommended  in  a  report  upon 
the  subject  of  an  enlargement  of  the  Academy,  that 
nautical  astronomy,  geograpl:iy,  and  navigation  should 
be  taught  by  the  Professor  of  Mathematics  at  West 
Point,  and  that  it  would  be  well  "  to  make  the  plan  of 
the  Academy  iipon  such  a  scale  as  not  only  to  take  in 
tlie  minor  officers  of  the  navy,  but  also   any  youths 


14  HISTORY   OF   THE 

from  any  of  tlie  states,  wlio  miglit  wish  for  such  an 
education,  whether  designated  for  the  army  or  navy, 
or  neither,  and  to  let  these  be  assessed  to  the  value  of 
their  education.""^  These  recommendations  were  sub- 
mitted to  Congress  by  the  President,  Thomas  Jefferson, 
with  his  approval,  and  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  March 
in  that  year,  a  bill  was  reported  in  the  Senate,  provid- 
ing for  the  removal  of  the  Military  Academy  to  the 
city  of  Washington,  for  its  reorganization  and  for  in- 
structing in  the  institution,  midshi23men  of  the  navy. 
The  bill  was,  however,  postponed,  and  its  further  con- 
sideration was  not  again  resumed.f 

By  the  "  act  to  increase  the  navy  of  the  United 
States,"  w^hich  was  passed  on  the  second  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1813,  the  employment  of  naval  schoolmasters  was 
authorized.  This  act  was  one  of  the  measures  of  the 
war  of  1812,  and  a  careful  attention  was  given,  at  this 
time,  to  strengthening  both  the  army  and  the  navy, 
and  to  the  scientific  education  of  officers.  The  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point  was  reorganized  upon  its 
present  basis  in  1812.  At  this  early  period  also,  many 
of  the  cadets  of  the  Military  Academy  were  commis- 
sioned as  midshipmen  in  the  navy. 

Probably  the  first  official   recommendation  of  the 

*  Am.  State  Papers,  vol.  XII.,  p.  229. 

t  Reports  H.  of  Rep.,  1836-7,  vol.  IL,  No.  303,  p.  10. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  15 

separate  organization  of  a  United  States  l^aval  Acad- 
emy, was  made  by  the  Hon.  William  Jones,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, the  Secretary  of  the  Is^avy  under  President 
Madison,  in  a  commnnication  to  the  Senate,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1814  ;  he  says,  "I  would  respectfully  suggest  the 
expediency  of  providing  by  law  for  the  establishment 
of  a  naval  academy  with  suitable  professors,  for  the 
instruction  of  the  officers  of  the  navy  in  those  branches 
of  the  mathematics,  and  experimental  ])hilosophy,  and 
in  the  science  and  practice  of  gunnery,  theory  of  naval 
architecture,  and  art  of  mechanical  drawing,  which  are 
necessary  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  naval  officer." 
A  naval  academy  was  again  recommended  by  the  Hon. 
Smith  Thompson,  of  New  York,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  under  President  Monroe. 

Tlie  establishment  of  such  a  school  was  urged  upon 
Congress  a  third  time,  with  great  eloquence  and  ability, 
by  the  Hon.  Samuel  L.  Southard,  of  New  Jersey,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  in  his  report  of  December  Ist, 
1824,  and  one  year  later,  in  his  "opinion  as  to  such 
alterations  as  are  necessary  in  the  present  organization 
of  the  navy,"  which  was  given  in  obedience  to  a  reso- 
lution of  the  Senate.  He  says  in  this  document,  ''  The 
younger  officers  are  taken  from  the  poor  who  have  not 
the  means  of  a  good  education  as  well  as  the  rich  who 
have.     They  enter,  from  the  nature  of  their  duties,  at 


16  HISTORY    OF   THE 

SO  early  an  age,  that  tliey  cannot  be  accomplished,  nor 
even  moderately  accurate  scholars.  They  are  con- 
stantly employed  on  shipboard,  or  in  onr  navy -yards, 
v/here  much  advancement  in  learning  cannot  be  ex- 
pected. The  better  instructed  and  more  intelligent  an 
oificer  is,  the  more  skilfully  and  precisely,  and,  of 
course,  the  more  economically,  will  he  perform  the 
duties  assigned  to  him.  *  Ignorance  is  always,  skill  is 
never,  prodigal.  The  navy  is  also  the  bearer  of  our 
honor  and  our  fame  to  every  foreio^n  shore.  The  Amer- 
ican  naval  officer  is,  in  fact,  the  representative  of  his 
country  in  every  port  to  which  he  goes,  and  by  him  is 
that  country  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  estimated." 
Mr.  Southard  proposed,  as  a  location  for  the  school. 
Governor's  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Xew  York,  and 
asked  an  appropriation  of  $10,000,  that  it  might  be  put 
into  operation  without  delay. 

The  subject  occupied,  during  that  session,  much  of 
the  attention  of  Congress,  but  no  bill  was  passed  au- 
thorizing the  establishment  of  a  naval  school.  In  tlie 
following  year,  the  President,  John  Quincy  Adams, 
recommended  the  proposition  of  Mr.  Southard  to  Con- 
gress, and  he  repeated  the  recommendation  in  1827. 
The  measure  was  fully  discussed,  at  this  time,  in  the 
national  legislature ;  it  was  advocated  ably  in  the 
Senate  by  Mr.  Hayne,  of  South  Carolina,  and  Gcner^il 


KAVAL   ACADEMY.  17 

W"m.  H.  Harrison,  of  Ohio ;  nevertlieless,  tlie  bill  did 
not  become  a  law. 

The  Hon.  A.  P.  Upshur,  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
again  urged  the  subject  upon  the  attention  of  Congress 
in  1841,  and  a  bill  providing  for  the  establishment  of  a 
naval  school  at  or  near  Fortress  Monroe,  Virginia,  was 
passed  in  the  Senate,  but  was  not  acted  upon  in  the 
House,  for  want  of  time.  In  his  Report  for  1842,  Mr. 
Upshur  says,  ''Through  a  long  course  of  years,  the 
midshipmen  were  left  to  educate  themselves  and  one 
another.  Suitable  teachers  are  now  provided  for  them, 
but  their  schools  are  kept  in  the  midst  of  a  thousand 
interruptions  and  impediments,  which  render  the  whole 
system  of  little  or  no  value.""^ 

■  Mr.  Bayard,t  in  a  report  of  a  committee  which 
was  made  in  the  Senate,  three  years  later,  described 
the  evils  of  the  old  svstem,  and  advocated  the  measure 
with  the  following  language :  "  Under  the  existing  laws 
appointments  of  midshipmen  are  made  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  and  are  the  result,  for  the  most  part,  of 
personal  or  political  influence.  Instances  have  occurred 
in  which  boys  who  have  been  thought  by  their  ac- 
quaintances to  be  good  for  nothing  else,  have  yet  been 

*  There  were  similar  recommendations  bj  the  Hon.  J.  K.  Paulding, 
and  other  Secretaries  of  the  Navy. 

f  The  Hon.  Richard  H.  Bayard,  Senator  from  Delaware,  afterward 
appointed  Minister  to  Belgium, 


18  HISTOET   OF  THE 

thouglit  good  enough  for  a  service  which,  in  its  perils 
and  its  responsibilities,  requires  high  qualities  of 
physical^  and  intellectual  vigor,  as  well  as  moral  worth. 
His  scientific  instruction  commences  at  sea,  or  in  a 
foreign  port,  amidst  the  noise  and  distraction  of  a 
crowded  ship,  and  the  interruptions  of  the  various  calls 
of  duty.  Having  been  five  years  in  the  service,  three 
of  which  must  have  been  passed  in  active  duty  at  sea, 
and  having  attained  the  age  of  twenty  years,  the  mid- 
shipman may  be  examined  for  promotion.  To  prepare 
for  this  examination,  he  spends  a  few  months  at  the 
naval  asylum  in  Philadelphia,  where  a  school  has  been 
established  for  that  purpose.  This  meagre  course  of 
instruction  furnishes  the  sum  of  his  attainments.  Such 
are  the  provisions  for  the  training  of  this  important 
branch  of  ofiicers." 

Failure,  however,  seems  to  have  been  the  fate  of 
every  eff'ort  to  secure  the  passage,  directly,  of  an  act 
establishing  the  naval  school. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  19 


CHAPTEE    II. 

THE  SCHOOL  IS  FOUNDED  BY  THE  HON.  GEORGE  BAN- 
CROFT.—HIS  LETTER  TO  COMMANDER  BUCHANAN. 

It  was  reserved,  finally,  for  the  Hon.  George  Ban- 
croft, the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  to  devise  in  1845,  an 
economical  and  successful  scheme  for  the  organization 
of  the  desired  institution.  He  had  discovered  that  he 
was  already  clothed  with  the  power  of  establishing 
such  a  school  without  a  special  enactment,  and  having 
made  the  selection  of  Commander  Franklin  Buchanan, 
a  native  of  Maryland,  as  the  first  Superintendent,  he 
addressed  to  him  the  following  official  communica- 
tion: 

"  Naty  Department,  August  1th,  1845. 
"  Sir  :^ 

"The  Secretary  of  War,  with  the  assent  of  the  Presi- 
dent, is  prepared  to  transfer  Fort  Severn  to  the  Navy 
Department,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  there  a 
school  for  midshipmen. 

"  In  carrying  this  design  into  effect,  it  is  my  desire  to 

*  Senate  Documents,  vol.  I.,  1845-46. 


20  HISTORY   OF   THE 

avoid  all  unnecessary  expense — to  create  no  places  of 
easy  service — no  commands  that  are  not  strictly  neces- 
sary— to  incur  no  charge  that  may  demand  new  an- 
nual appropriations ;  but,  by  a  more  wise  application 
of  moneys  already  appropriated,  and  officers  already 
authorized  to  provide  for  the  better  education  of  the 
young  officers  of  the  navy.  It  is  my  design  not  to 
create  new  officers,  but,  by  economy  of  administra- 
tion, to  give  vigor  of  action  to  those  which  at  present 
are  available;  not  to  invoke  new  legislation,  but  to 
execute  more  effectually  existing  laws.  Placed  by 
their  profession  in  connection  with  the  world,  visiting 
in  their  career  of  service  every  climate  and  every  lead- 
ing people,  the  officers  of  the  American  navy,  if  they 
gain  but  opportunity  for  scientific  instruction,  may 
make  themselves  as  distinguished  for  culture  as  tliey 
have  been  for  gallant  conduct. 

"  To  this  end  it  is  proposed  to  collect  the  midship- 
men who  from  time  to  time  are  on  shore,  and  give 
them  occupation  during  their  stay  on  land  in  the  study 
of  mathematics,  nautical  astronomy,  theory  of  morals, 
international  law,  gunnery,  use  of  steam,  the  Spanish 
and  the  French  languages,  and  other  branches  essential, 
in  the  present  day,  to  the  accomplishment  of  a  naval 
officer. 

"The  effect  of  such  an  employment  of  the  midship- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  21 

men,  cannot  but  be  favorable  to  them  and  to  the  ser- 
vice. At  present  they  are  left,  when  waiting  orders 
on  shore,  masters  of  their  own  motions,  without  steady 
occupation,  young,  and  exulting  in  the  relief  from  the 
restraint  of  discipline  on  shipboard. 

"  In  collecting  them  at  Annapolis  for  purposes  of 
instruction,  you  will  begin  with  the  principle  that  a 
warrant  in  the  navy,  far  from  being  an  excuse  for 
licentious  freedom,  is  to  be  held  a  pledge  for  subordi- 
nation, industry,  and  regularity, — for  sobriety,  and  as- 
siduous attention  to  duty.  Far  from  consenting  that 
the  tone  of  the  discipline  and  morality,  should  be 
less  than  at  the  universities  or  colleges  of  our  country, 
the  President  expects  such  supervision  and  manage- 
ment as  shall  make  of  them  an  exemplary  body,  of 
which  the  country  may  be  proud. 

"  To  this  end  you  have  all  the  powers  for  discipline 
conferred  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
certainty  that  the  department  will  recommend  no  one 
for  promotion,  who  is  proved  unworthy  of  it  from  idle- 
ness or  ill  conduct  or  continuing  ignorance,  and  who 
cannot  bear  the  test  of  a  rigid  examination. 

"  For  the  purpose  of  instruction,  the  department  can 
select  from  among  twenty-two  professors  and  three 
teachers  of  languages.  Tliis  force,  which  is  now  al- 
most wasted  by  the  manner  in  which  it  is  applied,  may 


22  HISTORY   OF  THE 

be  concentrated  in  such  a  manner  as  to  produce  the 
most  satisfactory  results.  Besides,  the  list  of  chap- 
lains is  so  great  that  they  cannot  all  be  employed  at 
sea,  and  the  range  of  selection  of  teachers  may  be  en- 
larged by  taking  from  their  number  some  who  would 
prefer  giving  instruction  at  the  school  to  servmg  afloat. 
The  object  of  the  department  being  to  make  the  sim- 
plest and  most  eiFective  arrangement  for  a  school,  you 
will  be  the  higliest  officer  in  the  establishment,  and 
will  be  intrusted  w^ith  its  government.  It  is  my  wish, 
if  it  be  possible,  to  send  no  other  naval  officer  to  the 
school,  except  such  as  may  be  able  and  willing  to  give 
instruction.  Among  the  officers  junior  to  yourself, 
there  are  many  whose  acquisitions  and  tastes  may  lead 
them  to  desire  such  situations.  For  this  end  the  de- 
partment would  cheerfully  detach  three  or  four  of  the 
lieutenants  and  passed  midshipmen,  who,  while  they 
would  give  instruction,  would  be  ready  to  aid  you  in 
afiairs  of  discipline  and  government.  Thus  the  means 
for  a  good  naval  school  are  abundant,  though  tliey 
have  not  yet  been  collected  together  and  applied. 

"  One  great  difficulty  remains  to  be  considered.  At 
our  colleges  and  at  West  Point,  young  men  are  trained 
in  a  series  of  consecutive  years  ;  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  do  not  sanction  a  preliminary  school  for  the 
navy ;  they  only  provide  for  the  instruction  of  officers 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  23 

who  already  are  in  the  navy.  Tlie  pupils  of  the  naval 
school  being,  therefore,  otiicers  in  the  public  service, 
will  be  liable  at  all  times  to  be  called  from  their 
studies,  and  sent  on  public  duty.  Midshipmen,  too, 
on  tlieir  return  from  tlje  sea,  at  whatever  season  of  the 
year,  will  be  sent  to  the  school.  Under  these  circum- 
stances, you  will  be  obliged  to  arrange  your  classes  in 
such  a  manner  as  will  leave  opportunity  for  those  who 
arrive,  to  be  attached  to  classes  suited  to  the  stage  of 
their  progress  in  their  studies.  It  will  be  difScult  to 
arrano^e  a  svstem  of  studies  which  will  meet  this  emer- 
gency  ;  but  with  the  fixed  resolve  which  you  will 
bring  to  the  work,  and  with  perseverance,  you  will 
succeed. 

''  Having  thus  expressed  to  you  some  general  views, 
I  leave  you,  with  such  assistance  as  you  may  require, 
to  prepare  and  lay  before  this  department  for  its  appro- 
bation a  plan  for  the  organization  of  the  naval  school 
at  Fort  Severn,  Annapolis. 

"Tlie  posts  to  which  you  and  those  associated  with 
you  will  be  called  are  intended  to  be  posts  of  labor ; 
but  they  will  also  be  posts  of  the  highest  usefulness 
and  consideration.  To  vourself,  to  whose  diliirence  and 
care  the  organization  of  the  school  is  intrusted,  will 
belong  in  a  good  degree  the  responsibility  of  a  wise 
arrangement.      Do  not  be  discouraged  by  the  many 


24  HISTORY    OF   THE 

inconveniences  and  diflBculties  whicli  you  \yill  certainly 
encounter,  and  rely  implicitly  on  this  department  as 
disposed  to  second  and  sustain  you,  under  the  law,  in 
every  effort  to  improve  the  character  of  the  younger 
branch  of  the  service. 

"  I  am  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

"  GEOEGE  BANCEOFT. 

"Com'r  Franexin  Buchanan, 

United  States  Navy,  "WashingtoiL" 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  25 


CHAPTEE    III. 

HISTORY  OF  MR.  BANCROFT'S  EFFORTS  AND  SUCCESS.— 
THE  SCHOOL  IS  OPENED.— ITS  FIRST  OFFICERS  AND  TEXT- 
BOOKS,—THE  QUARTERS  AT  FORT  SEVERN.— A  NAVAL 
BALL. 

It  is  but  justice  to  Mr.  Bancroft  to  mention  here,  that 
this  plan  for  the  organization  of  the  Kaval  School  ^vas 
his  own  original  conception ;  his  alone,  and  it  was,  in 
every  particular,  carried  out  by  him.  Desiring,  if 
possible,  to  establish  the  school,  he  studied,  unaided, 
himself,  and  for  this  purpose,  the  laws  relating  to  the 
navy,  and  finding  that  his  plan  did  not  conflict  Tvith 
existing  acts  of  Congress,  he  then  searched  for  a  suit- 
able site  for  the  school,  among  the  forts  which  were 
alreadv  established  alons*  our  seaboard.  Fort  Severn 
appeared  to  be  the  most  desirable  location,  and  he  so- 
licited from  the  Hon.  Wm.  L.  Marcy,  the  Secretary  of 
war,  a  transfer  of  this  fort  from  the  W^ar  Department  to 
the  Xavy  Department,  which  request  was  cheerfully 
complied  with.     General  Scott  was  also  consulted,  and 

it  was  his  opinion  that  Fort  Severn  was  no  longer  of 
2 


26  HISTORY   OF  THE 

importance,  as  a  fortified  place ;  the  plan,  therefore,  of 
establishing  there  a  naval  school  received  his  hearty 
approval. 

Without  any  special  appropriation,  without  any  vio- 
lation of  the  law,  and  making  use  only  of  such  moneys 
as  were  already  provided  for  the  salaries  of  the  pro- 
fessors employed  in  the  navy,  Mr.  Bancroft  succeeded, 
during  the  recess  of  Congress,  in  organizing  the  school 
and  setting  it  in  motion,  and  he  presented  it  to  Con- 
gress, at  the  next  session,  as  a  thing  done  and  in  full 
operation.  The  reasons  which  were  especially  assigned, 
at  this  time,  for  establishing  the  school,  were, — first,  to 
give  greater  concentration  to  the  services  of  the  excel- 
lent professors  of  the  navy,  and,  secondly,  to  guard  the 
morals  of  the  young  midshipmen,  who  were  exposed, 
while  on  shore,  to  numerous  temptations.  To  accom- 
plish the  latter  the  more  effectually,  it  was  made  a 
rule  of  the  department,  by  order  of  Mr.  Bancroft,  that 
midshipmen  who  were  not  at  sea,  must  be  either  in 
attendance  at  the  school,  or  at  their  homes,  under  pa- 
rental care.  Economy  in  expenditures  for  the  school 
received,  also,  great  attention,  and  it  was  for  this  end 
that  the  superinteridency  was  confided,  from  the  first, 
to  an  officer  of  a  younger  grade,  a  commander  being 
selected  for  the  position  ;  and  the  instructors  aj^pointed 
were  known  to  be  men  of  industry  and  good  scholar- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  27 

ship.  The  policy  thus  inaugurated,  from  the  begin- 
ning, for  administering  the  affairs  of  the  naval  school 
was  to  endeavor  to  secure,  for  the  moneys  expended, 
the  greatest  possible  returns. 

The  school  was  duly  organized  at  Fort  Severn,  An- 
napolis, a  situation  both  healthy  and  secluded,  yet 
easy  of  access,  the  grounds  were  extensive  enough  ; 
and  the  buildings,  with  some  slight  alterations  and  im- 
provements, were  made  in  all  respects  suitable.  The 
location  was  admirably  adapted  in  other  respects,  for 
the  purposes  of  such  an  institution  ;  it  is  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Severn  river,  a  beautiful  tributarv  to  the  noble 
Chesapeake,  and  commands  a  view  of  the  commerce  of 
Baltimore  which  passes  this  point,  also  of  a  roadstead 
much  frequented  in  heavy  weather  by  vessels  of  all 
classes,  and  the  young  officers  were  afforded  here  am- 
ple opportunity  to  acquire  nautical  skill,  and  to  apply 
their  professional  attainments  practically,  by  being 
from  time  to  time  ''  afloat.''"^ 

The  institution  was  formally  opened  on  Friday, 
the  10th  of  October,  1815.  At  eleven  o'clock,  a.  m., 
the  officers,  professors,  and  midshipmen  assembled  in 
one  of  the  recitation  rooms,  and  were  impressively 
and  feelingly  addressed  by  the  Superintendent,  Com- 
mander Buchanan,  who  also  read  and  illustrated  with 

*  Niles'  Register,  vol.  LXIX. 


28  HISTORY   OF   THE 

proper  remarks,  the  rules  and  regulations  lie  had 
prescribed  for  the  government  of  the  school.  He  con- 
cluded the  ceremony  by  reading  a  letter  from  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy,  disclosing  his  views  and  purposes 
in  regard  to  the  conduct  and  organization  of  the 
school.  About  forty  midshipmen  had  already  reported 
themselves,  and  a  writer  of  that  day  informs  us  that 
their  handsome  appearance  and  gentlemanly  deport- 
ment gave  a  cheerful  aspect  to  the  streets  of  the  quiet 
city  of  Annapolis,  and  elicited  universal  admiration. 

In  January  following,  there  were  reported  con- 
nected with  the  school  as  officers  of  instruction  and 
government,  besides  Commander  Buchanan,  Lieutenant 
James  H.  Ward  in  the  department  of  gunnery  and 
steam  ;  Surgeon  J.  L.  Lockwood  in  the  department  of 
chemistry ;  Chaplain  George  Jones  in  the  English  de- 
partment ;  Prof.  'William  Chauvenet  in  the  depart- 
ment of  mathematics;  Prof.  Henry  H.  Lockwood  in 
the  department  of  natural  philosophy,  and  Prof.  Girault 
in  the  department  of  French.*  Passed  Midshi;gman 
Samuel  Marcy  was  an  assistant  and  instructor  in  the 
use  of  astronomical  instruments.  Lieutenant  Ward  and 
Mr.  Marcy  also  aided  the  Superintendent  in  the  mili- 
tary duties  of  the  establishment.  There  were  then 
assembled  at  the  school  as  students,  thirty-six  midship- 

*  Niles'  Register,  vol.  LXIX.,  p.  351. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  29 

men  of  tlie  date  1840,  wlio  were  preparing  for  exam- 
ination ;  thirteen  of  the  date  1841,  who  were  to  remain 
pursuing  studies  and  attending  lectures  until  drafted 
for  service  at  sea,  and  seven  acting  midshipmen,  ap- 
pointments of  that  year.  By  regulation  these  last 
were  to  remain  at  the  school  one  year ;  at  the  expira- 
tion of  it  to  undergo  an  examination,  and  if  found  to 
have  made  satisfactory  proficiency,  to  be  ordered  to 
sea ;  at  the  end  of  a  probationary  term  there,  they 
were  to  receive,  as  was  previously  the  regulation,  a 
warrant,  and  after  three  years'  service  they  were  to 
return,  and  spend  another  year  at  the  school,  prepara- 
tory to  examination  for  promotion. 

The  text-books  adopted  for  use  in  the  school  at  this 
time,  were,  in  mathematics,  Davies'  Arithmetic,  for 
the  junior  class; Bourdon's  Algebra,  Legendre's  Geom- 
etry, Pierce's  Trigonometry  or  Maury's  Navigation 
and  Bowditch's  Navigator ;  in  natural  philosophy, 
Peschell's  Elements  of  Physics ;  in  French,  Girault's 
French  Guide,  Girault's  Colloquial  Exercises,  Picot's 
Narrations,  Meadow's  French  Dictionary  ;  in  gunnery, 
Ward's  Treatise ;  and  in  chemistry,  Fowne's  Chem- 
istry. 

It  was  found  that  the  houses  which  were  occupied 
formerly  by  the  commandant  and  subalterns  of  the 
post,  afforded  ample  accommodations  for  the  Superin- 


30  HISTORY    OF   THE 

tendent,  and  most  of  the  other  officers  of  the  institu- 
tion. The  midshipmen  also  were  made  very  comforta- 
ble in  wooden  buildings,  which  had  been  in  use  already 
for  various  purposes  at  the  post.  Two  large  barrack- 
rooms  served  well  for  recitation  halls,  and  the  two 
rooms  below  of  equal  size,  were  used  for  the  kitchen 
and  the  mess-hall.  The  expenditures  for  the  school  at 
this  time,  were  certainly  quite  moderate  ;  nevertheless 
they  were  sufficient  for  all  its  reasonable  necessities. 

A  Xaval  Ball  which  was  given  by  the  midshipmen, 
on  the  evening  of  Thursday,  the  fifteenth  day  of  Jan- 
nary,  was  numerously  attended  by  ladies  and  gentle- 
men from  various  parts  of  the  Union. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  31 


CHAPTER    IV. 

THE  FIRST  APPROPRIATIONS  EOR  THE  SUPPORT  OF  THE 
SCHOOL.— COMMANDER  UPSHUR  AS  SUPERINTENDENT.— 
REVISED  REOULATIONS.-A  PRACTICE-SHIP.-COMMANDER 
STRIBLING-  AS  SUPERINTENDENT.— THE  FIRST  CRUISE  OF 
THE  PREBLE.— THE  FOUR  YEARS'  COURSE.— THE  PROFES- 
SORS AND  OFFICERS. 

Permission  was  granted  by  Congress,  on  the  tenth 
of  August,  1846,  to  expend  "  an  amount  not  exceed- 
ing $28,200  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy  for  repairs,  improvements,  and  instruction 
at  Fort  Severn,  Annapolis,  Md.,"  and  this  modest  pro-^ 
vision  for  the  wants  of  the  school,  was  found  sufficient 
at  that  time  for  its  economical  support.  An  amount 
similar  to  the  abov^e  was  appropriated  again  in  1847, 
for  repairs,  improvements,  and  instruction,  and  for  the 
purchase  of  land  not  exceeding  twelve  acres,  for  the 
use  of  the  Naval  School.  Commander  George  P. 
Upshur,  a  native  of  Virginia,  succeeded  Commander 
Buchanan,  also,  in  1847,  as  the  Superintendent.  The 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  school,  in  its  in- 
fancy by  the  latter,  is  described  as  judicious,  and  the 


32  HISTORY    OF   THE 

institution  gave  promise  of  considerable  usefulness  to 
the  service.  In  December,  1817,  Secretary  Mason  re- 
ported that  there  were  ninety  midshipmen  in  attend- 
ance, prosecuting  their  studies  under  great  advantages. 
He  recommended  a  practice-ship  for  the  school,  and  that 
certain  flags  and  other  naval  trophies  should  be  trans- 
ferred from  Washington  to  the  institution,  that  their 
presence  might  assist  in  exciting  in  the  minds  of  youth- 
ful midshipmen  a  laudable  ambition,  and  the  desire  to 
distinguish  themselves  in  the  service  of  their  country. 
But  there  were  found  to  be  still  some  defects  in  the 
organization  of  the  school.  The  course  of  study  thus 
far,  had  been  for  a  midshipman,*  '^  two  years  at  the 
school,  then  three  at  sea  and  two  years  again  at  the 
school,"  but  it  was  now,  after  some  experience,  deemed 
expedient  to  adopt  the  plan  which  prevails  in  most 
institutions,  of  a  four  years'  course  of  study  without 
going  to  sea,  excepting  three  months  spent  in  tlie  sum- 
mer on  a  cruise.  Accordingly,  in  October,  1849,  a 
board  of  officers  was  directed  to  reorganize  the  school, 
conforming  its  organization  as  nearly  as  the  two 
branches  of  the  service  would  permit  to  that  of  the 

*  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  the  Hon.  W.  A.  Graham,  in 
November,  1851.  The  above  periods  of  study  differ  somewhat  from 
those  given  by  Senator  Bayard,  and  again  in  Niles*  Register.  See 
pages  17  and  29  above.  It  is  probable  that  both  of  these  statements  are 
correct,  and  that  in  a  few  years  after  its  organization,  the  term  of  study 
at  the  school  was  enlarged. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  33 

Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  The  hope  was  enter- 
tained that  the  discipline,  instruction  and  management 
of  the  school  would  be  greatly  benefited  by  the  change. 

The  new  system  and  regulations  having  been  fully 
matured,  it  was  ordered  that  they  take  effect  on  the 
first  of  July,  1850.  Tlie  corps  of  professors  was  also 
enlarged,  and  a  practice-ship,  the  Preble,  a  sloop  of 
war  of  the  third  class,  was  attached  to  the  Academy 
in  order  that  instruction  in  seamanship  might  be  given 
on  a  cruise  in  the  summer  months,  a  method  analogous 
to  that  of  the  encampment  of  the  cadets  of  the  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point.  Henceforth  the  school  is 
styled  in  the  reports  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  and 
in  the  acts  of  Congress,  the  Naval  Academy. 

The  new  academic  term  commenced  on  the  first  of 
October,  1850,  under  Commander  C.  K.  Stribling,  as 
Superintendent.  The  pay  of  the  Superintendent  was 
now  fixed  by  Congress  at  the  same  rate  as  that  allowed 
to  an  ofiicer  of  his  rank  when  in  service  at  sea.  A 
Board  of  Examiners  was  also  appointed  to  visit  the 
Academy  annually,  and  report  upon  its  condition. 
The  first  cruise  of  the  pupils  was  made  in  the  summer 
following,  under  the  Commandant  of  Midshipmen, 
Lieutenant  Thomas  T.  Craven.  They  embarked  in  the 
Preble,  after  the  examination  in  June,  and  sailed  as 
far  as  our  northernmost  boundary,  then  returning,  they 


34  HISTORY   OF   THE 

touched  at  the  principal  ports  of  the  United  States, 
between  Portland  and  Virginia,  and  reached  Annapolis 
again  in  the  latter  part  of  September. 

The  first  class  of  acting  midshipmen,  under  the  four 
years'  course,  entered  the  Academy  in  October,  1851. 
The  professors  and  higher  officers  for  the  academic 
year  following,  were  Commander  C.  K.  Stribling, 
Superintendent,  Lieutenant  Thomas  T.  Craven,  Com- 
mandant of  Midshipmen,  D.  S.  Green,  Surgeon,  H.  H. 
Lockwood,  Professor  of  Gunnery  and  Infantry  Tactics, 
William  Chauvenet,  Professor  of  Mathematics,  W.  F. 
Hopkins,  Professor  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Phi- 
losophy, A.  N.  Girault,  Professor  of  French,  Joseph 
E.  Nourse,  Professor  of  Ethics,  Edward  Seager,  In- 
structor in  Drawing  and  the  Art  of  Defence,  Samuel 
Marcy,  Master,  George  Jones,  Chaplain.  There  were 
also  four  passed  midshipmen,  acting  as  assistants,  and 
three  assistant  professors.  There  were  eighty-four 
students,  of  whom  nine  were  midshipmen,  and  seventy- 
five  were  acting  midshipmen.  Tlie  Academy  was  now 
in  the  full  tide  of  successful  operation.  The  appropria- 
tions made  by  Congress  were,  henceforth,  liberal,  and 
the  various  edifices  which  had  begun  to  take  the  place 
of  the  old  barracks,  together  with  the  well  laid  out 
grounds,  were  a  conspicuous  ornament  to  the  banks  of 
tlie  Severn. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  35 


CHAPTEE    V. 

THE  CRUISES  OF  1852-3.— COMMANDER  GOLDSBOROUGH  AS 
SUPERINTENDENT..— THE  CRUISES  OF  1854-5-6.— CAPTAIN 
GEORGE  S.  BLAKE,  AS  SUPERINTENDENT.— THE  BOARD 
OF  EXAMINERS  FOR  1857.— THE  CRUISE  OF  THE  PLYM- 
OUTH IN  1858.— THE  FRIGATE  CONSTITUTION. 

In  the  summer  of  1852,  the  acting  midshipman  em- 
barked on  the  14th  of  June,  on  board  the  Preble,  under 
-command  again  of  Lieutenant  Craven,  and  visited  the 
port  of  Orta  on  the  island  of  Fayal,  Funchal  of  Madeira, 
Santa  Cruz,  and  Palma  of  the  Canaries,  and  the  island 
of  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies.  The  cruise  of  1853  was 
nearly  the  same,  they  visited  the  island  of  Fayal, 
Corunna,  on  the  north  coast  of  Spain  and  Funchal. 
At  Corunna  they  were  received  with  the  greatest  po- 
liteness by  the  Governor-General  of  the  province  and 
the  civil  and  military  authorities  of  the  town.  They 
visited,  also,  the  great  naval  arsenal  at  Ferrol,  which 
Is  remarkable  for  its  age,  and  is  one  of  the  most  exten- 
sive in  the  world.  They  reached  Hampton  Eoads  on 
the  14th  of  September. 


36  HISTORY    OF   THE 

In  1853,  Captain  Stribling  was  relieved,  as  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Academy.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  reports  that  he  had  discharged  the  duties  of  his 
office,  during  a  term  of  three  years,  with  diligence  and 
marked  ability.  Commander  Goldsborough,  an  accom- 
plished officer,  who  had  recently  returned  from  the 
Mediterranean  Squadron  was  appointed  his  successor. 
The  number  of  midshipmen  and  acting  midshipmen 
who  were  attached  to  the  Academy  as  students  was 
one  hundred  and  sixteen. 

In  1854,  there  were  one  hundred  and  sixty  students 
at  the  Academy.  The  first  class  under  the  new  organ- 
ization of  a  four  years'  course,  graduated  in  June  of 
this  year.  Tlie  usual  summer  cruise  was  made  with 
the  second  and  fourth  classes,  on  board  the  Preble,  to 
the  ports  of  Plymouth,  Cherbourg,  and  Brest.  Their 
visits  at  these  ports  are  described  as  very  interesting 
and  instructive.  They  were  politely  received  by  the 
various  officers  and  dignitaries  of  the  stations,  and 
every  facility  was  extended  to  them  for  examining  the 
dock-yards,  machine-shops,  and  ships.  At  Brest  thiey 
visited  the  school-ship  La  Borda^  on  which  students 
were  instructed  for  the  naval  service.  Here  were  two 
frigates  also,  whereon  some  two  or  three  hundred  boys 
were  practised  daily  in  seamanship.  In  1855,  the 
cruise  in  the  Preble,  under  command  of  Lieutenant  J. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  37 

F.  Green,  to  Eastport,  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Boston, 
was  a  stormy  one. 

In  1856,  the  Board  of  Examiners  report  that  the  sea- 
wall along  the  banks  of  the  Severn,  designed  for  the 
protection  of  the  grounds  and  buildings,  had  been  fin- 
ished. A  new  light  field  battery  had  also  been  fur- 
nished the  Academy.  In  the  summer  of  this  year,  the 
annual  cruise  was  made  to  Boston,  Portland  and  New- 
port, on  board  the  Plymouth,  a  sloop  of  war  of  the  first 
class. 

Captain  George  S.  Blake  succeeded  Captain  Golds- 
borough  as  the  Superintendent,  in  1857.  There  Vv^ere 
now  attached  to  the  Academy  for  instruction,  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-six  acting  midshipmen  ;  at  the  close 
of  the  last  academic  year  fifteen  had  graduated,  and 
eighty-nine  had  been  since  admitted.  Tlie  Board  of 
Examiners,  in  their  report  for  1857,  commend  the 
discipline  and  police  regulations  of  the  Academy,  the 
performances  of  the  students  in  field  artillery  and  in- 
fantry tactics,  and  their  exercises  with  the  great  guns 
in  battery,  and  in  shell  and  shot  practice  at  the  target. 
They  were  also  pleased  with  the  admirable  acquire- 
ments of  the  graduating  class,  and  the  successful  man- 
agement of  the  Academy,  which  can  no  longer  be 
regarded,  they  remark,  as  an  experiment. 

In  1858,  thero  were  one  hundred  and  eighty-nine 


38  HISTORY   OF   THE 

acting  midsliipmen  in  the  Academy.  The  annual  cruise 
was  made  to  Cherbourg,  Cadiz,  and  Madeira.  The 
weather  was  boisterous.  In  the  following  year,  the 
Secretary  of  the  IsTavy  reports  that  there  were  most 
gratifying  evidences  of  the  proficiency  of  the  pupils. 
The  cruise  was  made  on  board  the  Plymouth  with  one 
hundred  and  seven  acting  midshipmen.  They  visited 
Plymouth,  England,  Brest,  France,  and  Funchal,  on 
the  island  of  Madeira.  The  young  gentlemen  were 
divided  into  two  watches,  while  at  sea,  from  8  a.  m.  to 
8  p.  M.  one  watch,  and  from  8  p.  m.  to  8  a.  m.  half  a 
watch,  in  their  turns,  were  on  deck.  They  were  divided, 
also,  into  six  gun-crews  ;  from  these  crews  four  were 
stationed  at  the  guns,  and  the  remaining  two  were  dis- 
tributed in  the  master's  and  powder  divisions.  Imme- 
diately after  morning  inspection  at  quarters,  the  watch 
on  deck  was  exercised  aloft,  for  one  hour  and  a  half, 
at  reefing,  furling  and  unbending  sails,  sending  up  and 
down  yards,  making  and  taking  in  sail,  &c.,  &c. 

After  these  exercises,  from  10.30  to  11.30  and  from 
1  to  3.30  p.  M.,  they  were  employed  in  knitting,  spli- 
cing, strapping  blocks  and  fitting  rigging  generally. 
The  watches  below,  from  2  to  2.30,  studied  navigation, 
and  at  4  p.  m.  there  was  a  divisional  or  general  exercise 
at  quarters.  Parties  of  the  first  class  navigated  the  ship 
in  turn.    Nearly  all  the  steering  was  by  the  acting  mid- 


NATAL   ACADEMY.  39 

shipmen.  The  ship's  position  was  ascertained  by  obser- 
vations made  by  the  first  class,  and  these  were  so  accu- 
rate, that  when  the  last  course  bore  upon  Cape  Henry 
light  upon  the  chart,  the  light  was  discovered  exactly 
ahead  of  the  vessel.  Commander  Craven  says — "  In 
all  my  experience,  I  have  never  made  or  known  a  more 
perfect  land-fall." 

During  this  year,  the  measure  was  adopted,  of  placing 
the  fourth  class,  for  quarters,  on  board  the  sloop  of  war 
Plymouth,  and  the  frigate  Constitution  was  afterwards 
anchored  in  the  harbor  of  Annapolis,  and  was  substi- 
tuted for  the  Plymouth.  "  The  historic  recollections 
associated  with  the  Constitution,  must,  undoubtedly, 
exercise  a  salutary  influence  on  the  minds  of  the  pu- 
pils," remarks  the  Secretary  of  the  ITavy.  All  of  the 
fourth  class  w^ere  accommodated  on  board,  with  study 
and  recitation  rooms,  and  the  oflicers  and  acting  mid- 
shipmen, and  the  crew  of  the  ship,  with  sleeping  and 
mess  apartments.  The  examination  of  the  summer 
of  1860,  was  again  a  most  gratifying  exhibition  of  the 
academic  acquirements  of  the  various  classes.  The 
twenty-five  graduates  had  laid  the  ground-work  of  pro- 
fessional educations  which  gave  promise  of  great  use- 
fulness to  the  countrj^  The  exercises  of  the  infantry 
and  light  artillery  drills,  of  the  great  guns  in  battery, 
the  boat-gun,  and  the  broad  and  small  swords  were 


40  HISTORY    OF    THE 

liio:lily  creditable.  Much  attention  had  boon  criven, 
also,  to  drawing  and  dranghting.  Tlie  discipline  and 
police  of  the  institution  were  excellent.  The  Board  of 
Visitors  *'  desire  to  record  their  high  appreciation  of 
the  services  of  the  Superintendent  and  his  subordinates. 
Tlie  institution  has  prospered  in  their  hands,  and  prom- 
ises to  the  navy  a  high  standard  of  general  and  pro- 
fessional knowledge/' 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  4:1 


CHAPTER    VI. 

THE  CRUISE  OF  I860.— COMMANDER  CRAVEN'S  REPORT. 

The  cruise  of  the  summer  of  1860  is  the  last  which 
the  pupils  of  the  Naval  Academy  have  enjoyed.  The 
terrible  scourge  secession  was  destined  to  visit,  in 
the  following  year,  the  quiet  shades  of  the  Academy, 
and  drive  her  rudely  to  wander  afar  from  her  classic 
halls.  The  following  account  of  this  cruise  on  board 
the  sloop-of-war  Plymouth  is  abridged  somewhat,  from 
Commander  T.  T.  Craven's  report  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy  :  "  On  the  27th  of  June,  I  put  to  sea,  and 
proceeded  first  to  the  Azores,  and  arrived  at  the  island 
of  Fayal  on  the  17th  of  July.  On  the  next  day,  in 
the  evening,  we  sailed  for  Cadiz  and  liad  the  mortifica- 
tion of  being — as  we  had  been  a  year  previously — put 
in  quarantine.  On  the  next  day  I  got  under  way,  and 
being  compelled  by  a  strong  "levanter"  which  was 
then  blowing,  to  abandon  our  contemplated  visit  to 
Gibraltar,  proceeded  to  Madeira,  and  anchored  off 
Funchal  on  the  3d  of  Augusit;  remained  there  three 
days,  and  left  for  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  island  of  Teneriile, 


42  HISTOKY    OF   THE 

wliere  we  arrived  early  on  the  mornino:  of  the  10th  of 
August.  In  the  evening  of  the  same  day  we  took  our 
departure  for  the  Chesapeake,  and  on  the  3d  of  this 
montli  (September)  anchored  in  Hampton  Roads. 

"At  an  early  period  of  the  cruise  the  first  class  were 
put  in  charge  of  the  deck,  and  performed  all  the  duties 
of  lieutenants  in  charo-e  of  the  watch.  Thev  have  also 
been  carefully  instructed  in  the  use  of  the  sextant,  and 
have  been  well  taught  in  observing  time-sights  by  the 
moon  and  stars,  and  in  ascertaining  the  longitude  and 
latitude  by  Bowditch's,  Chauvenet's,  and  other  meth- 
ods. They  became  familiar,  so  soon,  with  their  work, 
that  I  was  enabled,  in  a  short  month,  to  call  upon  any 
one  of  this  class  to  take  obacrvations  for  latitude  or 
longitude  by  the  sun,  moon,  or  stars,  and  to  feel  the 
most  perfect  confidence  in  the  correctness  of  the  work. 
They  were  all  taught  practical  seamanship.  During  a 
pretty  smart  gale,  one  of  our  topsails  was  split,  and 
the  occasion  was  taken  advantage  of,  to  practise  the 
acting  midshipmen  in  shifting  topsails.  They  were 
taught  practically  how  to  carry  out  a  heavy  anchor 
between  two  boats.  When  anchored  off  Thomas 
Point,  an  anchor  weighing  more  than  5000  pounds, 
with  fifteen  fathoms  of  one  and  three-quarters'  inch 
chain  cable  attached  to  it,  was  carried  out  between  our 
quarter  boats  and  planted  fifty  fathoms  from  the  ship; 


NAYAL    ACADEMY,  43 

then  forty-five  fathoms  of  the  same  cable  were  hauled 
out  and  shackled  to  the  fifteen  fathoms  already  out. 
In  short,  they  were  instructed  in  every  branch  of  sea- 
manship, from  heaving  the  lead,  steering,  reefing,  and 
furling,  making  and  taking  in  sail,  up  to  the  most  intri- 
cate evolution. 

"Alarms  of  'man  overboard' were  given.  At  one 
time,  the  ship  was  going  at  the  rate  of  eight  knots ; 
the  life  buov  was  let  go,  the  boat  lowered,  the  ship 
brought  to,  the  buoy  picked  up,  the  boat  alongside 
again,  and  away  and  standing  on  her  course  under  all 
sail,  in  seven  minutes  and  twenty  seconds  from  the  time 
of  the  first  alarm.  Tlie  first  class  was  also  practised 
in  firing  at  targets,  and,  in  some  cases,  the  accuracy 
was  remarkable."  There  were  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
acting  midshipmen  on  board  the  Plymouth  on  this 
cruise.  Tlie  total  number  of  acting  midshipmen  was 
two  hundred  and  eighty-one. 


4A  HISTORY   OF   THE 


CHAPTEK    YII. 

PERILOUS  TIMES— SECESSION— THE  MASSACHUSETTS  8TH, 
REMOVAL  TO  NEWPORT,  R.  I.— QUARTERS  OE  THE  OFFI- 
CERS AND  MIDSHIPMEN. 

The  Naval  Academy  under  the  superintendence  of 
Captain  George  S.  Blake,  was  reported  to  this  period 
as  in  admirable  condition.  But  the  Academy  and 
the  public  property  at  Annapolis  attracted  early, 
the  attention  of  the  disloyal.  And  it  was  fortunate 
that  this  charge  was  intrusted  during  these  perilous 
times  to  so  patriotic  an  officer.  The  Hon.  Gideon 
"Welles,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  in  his  report  of 
December  3d,  1861,  says  of  his  services  at  this  crisis : 
"  I  have  deemed  it  important  that  the  accomplished 
Superintendent,  whose  fidelity  to  his  trust  was  exhib- 
ited under  trying  circumstances,  should  be  continued 
in  the  position  he  has  filled  so  acceptably,  until  the 
school  shall  be  again  permanently  established."  The 
prompt  measures  adopted  by  Captain  Blake,  and  the 
assistance  of  loyal   acting  midshipmen,   rescued  the 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  45 

government  property    and    the  frigate   Constitution 
from  desecration  and  plmider. 

In  the  latter  part  of  April,  1861,  the  rebellion  which 
had  assumed  so  formidable  a  shape,  extended  its 
malign  influence  to  the  Naval  Academy  and  imperilled 
its  safety ;  it  became  necessary  therefore,  to  take  im- 
mediate steps  for  its  protection.  Its  advantages  as  a 
base  of  military  operations  against  Washington,  to- 
gether with  the  arms  and  ammunition  of  the  institu- 
tion, invited  attack,  and  the  disloyal  were  planning  its 
seizure.  The  frigate  Constitution  was  also  much 
coveted  by  the  rebels,  and  the  Academy  itself  was 
spoken  of  as  the  future  nursery  of  the  Southern  navy. 
Under  these  circumstances,  every  possible  preparation 
for  defence  was  made,  both  in  the  Academy  and  on 
board  the  frigate,  and  every  movement  of  the  disaf- 
fected was  watched  with  the  utmost  vio-ilance.  But 
the  means  of  defence  were  limited.  The  grounds  were 
commanded  by  adjacent  heights,  the  Constitution,  with 
the  partial  armament  then  on  board  her,  lay  aground, 
except  at  high  water,  and  the  channel  through  which 
she  was  to  be  carried  out  of  the  harbor  was  narrow 
and  very  difficult.  She  was  also  directly  under 
heights  from  which  secessionists  had  declared  their 
intentions  to  open  a  fire  upon  her  if  she  were 
moved. 


4:6  HISTORY   OF   THE 

On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-first  of  April,  the 
steamer  Maryland  arrived  off  the  port  with  the 
Massachusetts  8th,  commanded  by  Brigadier-General 
Butler,  who  immediately  expressed  his  readiness  to 
lay  the  steamer  alongside  the  Constitution,  lighten 
her  of  her  guns,  and  tow  her  out.  This  was  accom- 
plished, though  with  great  difficulty,  by  the  close  of 
that  day  ;  the  ship  was  anchored  in  the  roads,  her 
guns  w^ere  replaced  on  board,  and  her  crew,  which 
consisted  of  only  thirty  or  forty  men,  being  reinforced 
by  a  detachment  of  the  regiment,  she  was  anchored 
in  a  favorable  position  for  covering  the  landing  of 
troops  and  stores,  which,  owing  to  the  burning  of  the 
bridges  on  the  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  railroad, 
were  directed  to  this  point. 

This  sudden  conversion  of  the  Naval  Academy  into 
a  military  post,  rendered  it  impossible  to  carry  on  the 
routine  of  the  institution,  and  its  transport  to  Fort 
Adams,  Newport,  K.  1.,  was  directed.  The  valuable 
library,  philosophical  apparatus,  and  other  Academy's 
property,  together  with  the  officers  and  professors, 
were  embarked  on  the  fifth  and  sixth  of  May,  in  the 
steamer  Baltic,  then  in  the  service  of  the  government, 
and  on  the  eighth  the  fort  was  occupied.  The  Consti- 
tution had  already  arrived  with  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  acting  midshipmen  on  board,  and,  in  less 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  47 

than  a  week,  the  course  of  instruction  was  resumed. 
A  portion  of  the  first  class  liad  been  ordered  to  re- 
port for  duty  in  AVashington,  before  the  arrival  of 
the  Academy  from  Annapolis,  and  the  remainder 
of  that  class,  togetlier  with  the  members  of  the  second 
and  third  classes,  were  called  into  active  service  soon 
after  reaching  Newport,  leaving  in  the  Academy  only 
the  fourth  class,  about  seventy-six  in  number. 

The  annual  examination  took  place  in  the  fort  in 
June,  and  the  class,  now  become  the  third,  entered 
upon  a  course  of  practical  instruction  in  gunnery,  sea- 
manship, (fee,  on  board  the  ship.  The  usual  summer 
cruise  was  dispensed  with,  for  the  reason  that  all  the 
ships  suitable  for  that  service,  were  needed  for  block- 
ading purposes.  In  the  month  of  September,  the  Con- 
stitution, which  had  been  anchored  off  Fort  Adams, 
was  removed  into  the  inner  harbor  of  Newport, 
and  as  the  fort  could  not  be  occupied  during  the 
winter,  in  consequence  of  the  limited  and  damp  con- 
dition of  its  accommodations,  which  are  all  in  the 
casemates,  it  was  resolved  to  quarter  the  third  class  in 
the  Atlantic  House,  which  was  rented  for  the  purpose, 
and  which  affords  accommodations  for  the  class,  also 
the  necessary  recitation  rooms,  as  well  as  quarters  for 
a  considerable  number  of  the  officers  and  professors. 
The   new   fourth   class   are   quartered   on   board   the 


48  HISTORY   OF  THE  » 

frigate,  where  they  receive  academic  instruction  and 
are  drilled  at  the  guns,  and  in  practical  seamanship. 
This  class  contains  two  hundred  and  three  members, 
and  the  total  number  of  acting  midshipmen  on  pro- 
bation at  the  Naval  Academy  is  two  hundred  and 
sixty-four.*  Previous  to  this  time  the  academic  term 
had  begun  on  the  first  of  October,  but  the  period 
during  which  candidates  should  report  themselves, 
was  extended  by  the  Department  for  the  year  1861  to 
the  thirtieth  of  November.  A  guard  from  the  Con- 
stitution is  kept  in  Fort  Adams ;  the  acting  midship- 
men have  been  stationed  at  the  guns  now  mounted 
in  the  work,  and  the  whole  establishment  could  be 
quartered  in  it,  at  a  few  hours'  notice. 

Thus  we  see,  in  the  language  of  Secretary  Welles, 
that,  "  although  the  numbers  at  the  school  are  reduced 
by  the  resignation  of  nearly  every  student  from  the  in- 
surrectionary region,  and  a  call  of  the  elder  classes  to 
active  professional  duty,  the  younger  classes  that  re- 
main form  a  nucleus  to  re-establish  and  give  vitality  to 
the  institution."  He  recommends,  also,  that  the  coun- 
try educate,  for  a  period  at  least,  double  the  number 
of  acting  midshipmen  now  authorized  by  law. 

*  There  is  one  student  also,  the  son  of  the  Prince  de  Joinville,  the  Duke 
of  Penthievre,  who  is  not  a  regularly  appointed  acting  midshipman, 
but  has  been  permitted  to  join  the  Academy  at  his  own  charges,  being 
subject  to  all  the  regulations  and  the  discipline  of  the  institution. 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  49 

It  IS  a  fitting  conclusion  to  this  chapter  to  place  on 
record  here  the  testimony  gathered  from  various  sources, 
that,  had  it  not  been  for  the  firm  determination  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  to  preserve  this  most  valuable 
institution,  so  great  were  the  embarrassments  of  the 
Government  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  that 
the  country  might  have  witnessed  the  total  destruction 
of  the  Academy,  or,  at  least,  a  suspension  of  its  exer- 
cises. Most  fortunately,  also,  Mr.  Fox,  the  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  who  was  formerly  an  officer  of 
high  reputation,  and  Captain  Harwood,  the  accom- 
plished Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  and  Hydro- 
graphy, who  has,  ex  officio^  the  personal  supervision  of 
the  institution,  both  took  a  deep  interest  in  its  welfare 
and,  under  the  arrangements  directed  by  the  Depart- 
ment, it  remains  in  full  and  successful  operation,  at 
rather  a  diminished  than  an  increased  expense,  for  the 

current  year,  1861-2, 

2 


50  HISTORY   OF  THE 


CHAPTEE   Till. 

THE  BUILDIXGS  AXD  GROUNDS  AT  AXXAPOLIS.  —  FORT 
SEVERN'.— LABORATORY  AND  ARMORY.— QUARTERS  OF 
THE  MIDSHIPMEN.— RECITATION  HALL.— MESS  HALL- 
LIBRARY  AND  LYCEUM.— TROPHIES  OF  NAVAL  VIC- 
TORIES. 

The  city  of  Annapolis,  which,  many  years  ago,  was 
the  seat  of  wealth,  refinement,  and  an  extensive  trade, 
and  has  long  been  the  official  residence  of  the  Governor 
of  Marvland,  was  an  admirablv  chosen  location  for  the 
Xaval  Academy.  Since  its  organization,  various  im- 
provements and  additions  having  been  made,  an  estab- 
lishment of  respectable  proportions  has  been  created, 
and  the  buildings  which  were  occupied  by  the  institu- 
tion, although  characterized  by  no  magnificence  of 
architectm-e,  have,  nevertheless,  an  air  of  neatness  and 
elegance,  and  are  well  arranged  for  the  comfort  ajid 
convenience  of  the  professore  and  midshipmen. 

The  Academv  grounds  contain  about  fortv-seven 
acres,  thev  are  surrounded  bv  a  brick  wall,  and  the 
entrance  to  them  is  sruarded  bv  two  iTiites  of  iron. 
Within  the  enclosm-e,  close  by  the   sea-wall   stands 


XATAL   ACADEMY.  51 

Fort  Severn,  which  is  a  small  circular  redoubt,  and  has 
no  outworks  of  anv  kind.  It  is  roofed  over,  and  con- 
tained  a  batterv  of  thirtv-two  pounders  mounted  on 
naval  carriaires.  This  batterv  was  used  for  instruction 
and  target  practice,  and  the  acting  midshipmen  were 
exercised  here  in  firiui]:  J^^  if  on  board  a  man-of-war. 
In  the  lower  part  of  the  fort  the  field  guns  were  run  in 
and  sheltered.  Xear  Fort  Severn  are  the  steam  and 
gas  works  of  the  institution.  They  are  small  and  are 
economically  constructed,  but  are  of  sufficient  capacity 
to  liirht  and  heat  the  whole  establishment.  Twelve 
thousand  cubic  feet  of  i^-as  could  be  made  dailv. 

Not  far  from  the  fort  was  the  Laboratorv  and  Ar- 

t.' 

mory,  which  occupied  a  single  building,  built  of  brick, 
plain  and  one  story  high.  The  Academy  possesses  a 
verv  orood  chemical  laboratorv,  and  a  fine  collection  of 
philosophical  instruments  and  apparatus.  The  lecture 
and  recitation  rooms  of  the  Professor  of  Xatural  and 
Experimental  Philosophy  were  in  one  wing  of  this 
building, '  and  in  the  other  were  the  armory,  and  the 
recitation  rooms  of  the  Professor  of  Field  Artillery 
and  Infantrv  Tactics.  Kear  bv  are  the  Quarters  of 
the  acting  midshipmen,  or,  more  properly,  the  naval 
cadets.  These  buildinors  are  five  in  number,  and  con- 
tain  in  all  ninetv-eii^ht  rooms,  each  about  fifteen  f&et 
square.     Two  acting  midshipmen  were  quartered  in 


52  HISTORY    OF   THE 

each  room,  the  furniture  being  a  small  iron  bedstead 
and  bureau  for  each,  which  were  of  the  simplest  arid 
most  substantial  kind.  The  Quarters  are  well  propor- 
tioned and  convenient  though  plain  buildings:  they  arc 
of  brick ;  the  three  on  the  left  are  three  stories  high, 
and  the  two  on  the  right  are  of  two  stories.  Some  of 
them  were  built  in  1850,  and  others  at  a  more  remote 
period.     A  brick  pavement  is  laid  in  suitable  places. 

Facing  the  Quarters  is  the  Parade  Ground,  which  is 
a  beautiful  oblong  area.  Tlie  Eecitation  Hall,  which 
is  next  in  order,  is  a  very  handsome  and  convenient 
building.  It  is  three  stories  high,  and  about  fifty  feet 
square.  Near  this  edifice  is  the  Mess  Hall,  of  which 
the  dimensions  are  about  one  hundred  feet  by  fifty. 
The  kitchens  are  in  the  basement  and  the  dining  saloon 
is  on  the  first  fioor.  Tlie  second  story  which  contains 
two  spacious  rooms,  is  devoted  to  tlie  Library  and 
Lyceum.  Tlie  library  was  founded  by  the  Hon.  George 
Bancroft,  in  1845,  who  transferred  to  tli^  Academy  a 
few  hundred  volumes  of  miscellaneous  works  which 
had  been  accumulated  on  board  our  ships-of-war  and 
at  the  navy  yards.  From  the  year  1851  to  the  present 
time  there  has  been  an  appropriation  of  $2,000  an- 
nually, for  its  uses,  and  the  yearly  increase  has  averaged 
Y50  volumes.  The  number  of  printed  works  is  now 
about  10,000,  and,  besides  these,  there  are  200  maps 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  53 

and  charts,  and  a  collection  of  manuscripts  and  engrav- 
ings. The  selection  of  books  is  very  carefully  made, 
and  it  is  the  design  that  the  library  shall  be  so.  com- 
plete a  nautical  collection  that  the  naval  officer  may 
have  access  here  to  the  best  works  on  all  subjects  con- 
nected with  his  profession. 

The  Lyceum  contained  many  objects  of  interest, 
which  have  been  contributed  chiefly  by  officers  of  the 
navy,  and  among  these,  were  the  trophies  of  naval 
victories^  which  had  been  arranged  with  much  skill  by 
1  le  first  chaplain  at  the  post,  the  Rev.  George  Jones. 

Here  were  preserved  : — 

The  flag  of  the  French  frigate,  L'Insurgente,  cap- 
tared  February,  1799,  by  the  frigate  Constellation,  T. 
Truxton,  Commander; 

The  flag  of  the  French  brig  Berceau,  captured 
November,  1800.  by  the  frigate  Boston,  George  Little, 
Commander ; 

The  Royal  Standard  of  Great  Britain,  captured  at 
York,  near  Toronto,  April  27th,  1813,  by  General  Z. 
Pike,  in  conjunction  with  Commodore  Isaac  Chauncey ; 
Tlie  Mace,  belonging  to  the  Speaker's  Chair  of  the 
Provincial  Assembly  of  Upper  Canada,  also  taken  on 
the  same  occasion,  and  the  lion,  carved  in  wood,  which 
stood  in  front  of  the  Speaker's  Chair; — General  Pike 
was  killed  at  the  capture  of  Toronto : 


54:  HISTORY    OF   THE 

Tlie  flag  of  the  Java,  captured  December  29th,  1812, 
by  the  frii>:ate  Constitution.AY.  Bainbridire,  Commander ; 

The  flag  of  the  Boxer,  captured  Sej)tember  5th, 
1813,  by  the  brig  Enterprise,  AV.  Burrows,  Commander. 
Burrows  was  killed  in  this  engagement  ; 

The  flag  of  the  Levant,  also  of  the  Cyane,  captured 
February  20th,  1815,  by  the  frigate  Constitution,  C. 
Stewart,  Commander ; 

The  flags  of  the  Chippewa,  Lady  Prevost,  Queen 
Charlotte,  Hunter,  Detroit,  and  Little  Belt,  captured 
September  10th,  1813,  on  Lake  Erie,  by  the  United 
States  Squadron,  O.  H.  Perry,  Commander ; 

The  flags  of  the  Beresford,  Linnet,  Chubs,  Confi- 
dence, captured  September  11th,  1814,  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  by  the  United  States  Squadron,  T.  M.  Mc- 
Donough,  Commander ; 

Tlie  flag  of  the  Peindeer,  captured  July  2Sth,  1814, 
by  the  sloop  Wasp,  J.  Blakely,  Commander  ; 

The  flag  of  the  Peacock,  captured  February  24th, 
1813,  by  the  sloop  Hornet,  Lawrence,  Commander; 

The  flag  of  the  Avon,  captured  September  1st,  1814, 
by  the  sloop  Wasp,  J.  Blakely,  Commander ; 

The  flag  of  tlie  Frolic,  captured  November,  1812,  by 
the  sloop  Wasp,  Jacob  Jones,  Commander ; 

The  flag  of  the  Epervier,  captured  April  9th,  1814, 
by  the  Peacock,  L.  Warrington,  Commander ; 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  55 

The  flag  of  the  Pligh  Flyer ; 

The  flag  of  the  Macedonian,  captured  on  the  25th 
of  October,  1812  ; 

Tlie  flag  of  the  Alert,  captured  August  13th,  1812, 
by  the  frigate  Essex,  D.  Porter,  Commander ; 

The  flags  of  the  Donainica,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  St. 
Lawrence,  and  Londeville,  captured  by  privateers ; 

The  flag  of  the  Guerriere,  captured  August  10th, 
1812,  by  the  Constitution,  Isaac  Hull,  Commander  ; 

Perry's  flag,  worn  at  his  mast-head,  during  his 
engagement  on  Lake  Erie,  September  10th,  1813, 
and  carried  under  his  arm  when  he  removed  in  an 
open  boat  from  the  Lawrence  to  the  Xiagara ; — it  is 
black,  the  death  color,  with  Lawrence's  last  words, 
"Don't  give  up  the  ship,"  inscribed  on  it,  in  white 
letters  ; 

The  flag  of  the  Algerine  frigate  Mesoura,  captured 
June  20th,  1813,  by  the  United  States  Squadron,  S. 
Decatur,  Commander  ; 

Tlie  flag  of  an  Algerine  brig  captured  on  the  same 
day  as  the  above  ; 

Two  Mexican  flags  captured  at  Mazatlan,  Novem- 
ber 7th,  1847,  by  a  part  of  the  Pacific  Squadron  under 
Commodore  Shubrick  ; 

A  Mexican  flag  captured  at  Monterey,  California, 
July  7th,   1846,  by  the   United   States   naval  forces 


56  niSTORY   OF   THE 

under  Commodore  J.  D.  Sloat ; — this  was  the  first  flag 
taken  in  California; 

An  American  flag  used  at  St.  Jos^,  California,  ex- 
hibiting the  holes  made  by  Mexican  bullets ; — Passed 
Midshipman  McLanahan  was  killed  while  holding  the 
staff  ;  a  small  party  of  Americans  in  a  rude  fort, 
w^ere  besieged  for  twenty-one  days  by  five  hundred 
Mexicans,  until  they  were  at  last  relieved  by  the 
United  States  Squadron ; 

A  drum  taken  at  Tabasco ; 

Three  horsemen's  lances  taken  at  Figueras,  on  the 
western  coast  of  America ; 

One  lance  taken  in  a  fight  back  of  Mazatlan. 

There  was  also  a  part  of  the  national  flag  of  San 
Juan  de  Ulloa,  and  there  were  models  of  the  principal 
ships  of  the  United  States  Navy.*  When  the  Academy 
was  transferred  to  Newport,  these  trophies  and  other 
articles  belonging  to  the  Lyceum,  were  placed  care- 
fully on  board  the  Constitution,  and  are  now  in  Fort 
Adams. 

*  Niles'  Register,  vol.  LXXY,  p.  370.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Jones,  to  whose 
zeal  the  Academy  was  mainly  indebted  for  the  transfer  of  these  trophies 
from  the  city  of  Washington  to  its  Lyceum,  is  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col- 
lege, and  is  said  to  be  a  highly  accomplished  scholar. 


NAVAL    ACADKMY.  67 


CHAPTEE    IX. 

THE  CHAPEL.— THE  OBSERVATORY.— MIDSHIPMEN'S  MOX- 
UMENT.— HOSPITAL.— BOAT  HOUSE.— QUARTERS  OF  THE 
OFFICERS  AND  PROFESSORS.— NAY AL  MONUMENT.— MON- 
UMENT TO  LIEUT.  HERNDON.— OLD  IRON  SIDES. 

The  Cliapel,  which  stands  near  the  Mess  Hall,  is  a 
neat,  modest  edifice  of  brick,  painted  brown,  having 
pillars  in  front,  and  will  seat  comfortably  about  three 
hundred  persons.  Kext  to  the  Chapel  is  the  Astro- 
nomical Observatory,  which  is  a  small  building,  built 
in  the  form  of  a  cross.  In  the  right  wing,  the  reci- 
tations were  held,  and  in  the  left,  was  an  excellent 
meridian  circle  from  Eepsold,  at  Hamburg.  Under  a 
revolving  roof  was  mounted  a  fine  equatorial  telescope, 
which  was  manufactured  by  Clark  of  Boston.  It  has 
an  achromatic  lens  of  seven  and  three  quarters'  inches 
clear  aperture,  and  the  focal  length  is  nine  and  a  half 
feet.  The  whole  length  of  the  telescope  is  twenty 
feet.  Here  also  were  levels,  theodolites,  sextants, 
charts,  coast  survey  reports,  etc.  The  collection  com- 
prises, indeed,  all  of  the  instruments   which   are   of 


58  HISTORY    OF   THE 

chiefest  importance  to  the  astronomer,  the  surveyor, 
and  the  navigator.  These  instruments  are  now  depos- 
ited in  the  Observatory  at  Washington. 

Between  the_  Chapel  and  the  Observatory,  is  a  small 
but  beautifully  designed  monument  of  white  marble, 
which  was  erected  by  the  acting  midshipmen,  in 
memory  of  Passed  Midshipmen  Henry  A.  Clemson, 
and  John  E.  Ilynson  and  Midshipman  Wingate  Pills- 
bury,  who  were  drowned  near  Yera  Cruz  in  1806, 
and  of  Midshipman  T.  B.  Shubrick,  who  was  killed 
on  the  twenty-fifth  of  March,  1847,  while  gallantly 
performing  his  duty  at  the  naval  battery  on  shore  be- 
fore Yera  Cruz,  during  its  bombardment.  In  the 
south-west  angle  of  the  ground  is  the  Hospital,  a  neat 
building  about  fifty  feet  square,  and  two  stories  high, 
with  a  deep  veranda  to  each  story  which  entirely  sur- 
rounds the  building.  The  Boat  House,  a  handsome 
brick  building,  having  an  extension  of  wood  to  hoist 
up  the  boats,  contained  about  twelve  cutters  and  other 
boats, — a  flotilla  for  practice  in  fleet  sailing,  provided 
for  the  use  of  the  acting  midshipmen.  On  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  Parade  Ground  are  the  buildings 
which  were  occupied  as  the  quarters  of  the  Superin- 
tendent, the  professors,  and  the  officers  of  the  Academy. 
They  are  twenty-one  in  number,  are  built  of  brick,  and 
are  arranged  in  blocks  around  the  boundaries  of  the 


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NAVAL   ACADEMY.  59 

grounds  for  the  most  part,  and  present  a  very  beauti- 
ful appearance.  These,  with  a  few  workshops,  com- 
prise all  tlie  buildings  of  the  Xaval  Academy. 

Besides  the  marble  monument  already  mentioned, 
there  are  two  others  witiiin  the  grounds.  Directly  in 
front  of  the  professors'  quarters  is  a  beautiful  naval 
monument,  which  was  erected  originally  in  1806,  in 
the  Navy  Yard  at  "Washington,  by  the  officers  of 
Commodore  Preble's  command  in  the  Mediterranean 
Squadron,  in  honor  of  these  who  fell  in  the  naval  en- 
gagements before  Tripoli,  in  1804.  They  were  Cap- 
tain Richard  Somers,  Lieutenants  James  Decatur, 
James  K.  Caldwell,  Henry  Wadsworth,  Joseph  Israel, 
and  Midshipman  John  S.  Dorsey."^  Commodore  Pre- 
ble says  that  Decatur  "  died  nobly,"  and  of  the  others 
he  uses  language  like  the  following :  ''  They  were 
officers  of  conspicuous  bravery,  talents,  and  merit." 
The  monument  is  of  white  marble,  was  executed  in 
Italy,  and  is  very  elaborate.  It  is  composed  of  a  cu- 
bical base  which  supports  a  highly  ornate  shaft,  upon 
whose  summit  stands  the  American  eagle,  guarding 
the  escutcheon  of  liberty  and  preparing,  seemingly,  to 
wing  his  flight  heavenwards.  The  whole  structure  is 
about  forty  feet  high.     Around  the  base  are  four  em- 

*  Preble's  Official  Report,  American  State  Papers,  vol.  XIV.,  p.  133, 
and  Groldsborough's  Naval  Chronicle,  vol.  I.,  p.  240. 


y 


60  HISTOKY    OF   THE 

bleniatical  marble  figures.  Mercury,  Fame,  History, 
and  America.  One  of  the  panels  displays  a  repre- 
sentation in  relief,  of  tlie  city  of  Tripoli,  and  upon 
another  are  inscribed  the  names  of  the  officers  to 
whose  memory  the  monument  was  erected. 

At  the  burning  of  the  city  of  Washington  by  the 
British,  under  General  Ross,  in  1814,  this  beautiful 
memorial  of  the  brave  deeds  of  American  naval  offi- 
cers, was  barbarously  dilapidated,  but  has  since  been 
restored.  The  troops  under  General  Ross  destroyed 
also  the  public  buildings  and  the  national  archives  at 
Washington,  a  mode  of  warfare  which  is  wholly  dis- 
countenanced now  by  Great  Britain,  we  must  believe, 
as  unbefitting  a  professedly  civihzed  and  Christian 
nation.  The  monument  to  Somers,  Decatur,  and  other 
officers,  was  i-emoved  from  the  Is'avy  Yard  to  the  west 
front  of  the  Capitol,  and  very  recently  to  the  Naval 
Academy.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  will  be  shielded 
carefully  from  injury,  and  may  long  remain  one  of  the 
chief  ornaments  of  the  academic  grounds. 

Another  monument,  a  simple  obelisk  of  Quincy 
granite,  stands  near  the  centre  of  the  area.  It  was 
erected  by  the  officers  of  the  navy  in  memory  of 
Lieutenant  Herndon,  who  perished  while  commanding 
the  CaHfornia  Mail  Steamer,  the  Central  America, 
wliicli  foundered  at  sea  on  the  twelfth  of  September, 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  61 

1357.  He  had  been  distinguished  previously  for  his 
successful  enterprise  in  an  exploration  of  the  valley 
of  the  Amazon,  made  in  1851  and  1852,  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  ^avy  Department,  by  William  Lewis 
Herndon  and  Lardner  Gibbon,  Lieutenants  of  the 
United  States  Xavv. 

The  school-ship  of  the  Academy,  first  the  Plym- 
outh and  afterwards  the  Constitution,  was  securely 
moored  near  the  fort. 

The  "Old  Iron  Sides"  which  "neither  the  elements 
have  destroyed,  nor  have  enemies  been  able  to  catch 
ox  capture,  is  the  only  keel  remaining  of  the  renowned 
squadron,  so  well  known  to  Americans  for  their  achieve- 
ments in  the  war  against  Tripoli,  and  in  the  second  war 
with  Britain.  It  was  the  Constitution  which  bore  the 
broad  pennant  of  Preble  in  all  the  victories  of  the 
squadi'on  in  the  Mediteranean.  On  the  Atlantic,  com- 
manded by  Hull,  she  astonished  British  officers  by  es- 
caping from  their  squadron.  Commanded  by  the  same 
officer,  she  sent  the  boasting  Guerriere  to  the  bottom ; 
commanded  by  Bainbridge,  she  compelled  the  Java  to 
submit  to  the  same  fate,  and  commanded  by  Stewart, 
in  one  action,  added  the  Cyane  and  Levant  to  the  Am- 
erican Xavv.''^ 

This  war-worn  glorious  old  hulk  was  attached  to  the 

♦"Waldo's  Naval  Heroes,  p.  241. 


62  HISTORY   OF  THlii 

Academy  two  years  ago,  and  the  plan,  of  havin^^  per- 
manently a  scliool-sliip  which  was  then  first  adop'ed, 
has  been  found  to  be  an  admirable  one.  When  sta- 
tioned at  Annapolis,  she  was  connected  with  the  shore 
by  a  light  bridge,  w^hich  was  supported  upon  piles,  and 
upon  tliis  bridge  pipes  were  also  laid  for  the  gas  and 
steam  which  lighted  and  warmed  the  ship  in  the  most 
perfect  and  economical  manner.  It  was  doubted,  at 
first,  whether  steam  could  be  carried  so  far  in  pipes 
wliich  were  so  much  exposed,  but  the  success  of  the 
experiment  was  complete.  The  ship  was  rigged  very 
beautifully,  and  the  "  new  appointees"  are  quartered, 
during  their  first  year,  on  board  of  her,  where  they 
receive  instruction  in  practical  seamanship  in  a  much 
better,  and  more  thorough  manner  than  it  could  pos- 
sibly be  given  on  shore.  The  gun-deck  is  fitted  up  as 
a  study  room, — the  berth-deck  is  used  for  messing  and 
sleeping. 

A  set  of  spars  was  recently  erected  on  the  grounds 
of  the  Academy,  which  were  fully  rigged  and  fitted 
with  sails,  in  order  that  the  students  might  be  exercised 
without  the  necessity  of  embarking,  and  might  by  this 
means,  become  familiar  with  the  modes  of  rigging  the 
spars,  unbending,  furling  and  reefing  the  sails,  and  of 
fitting  and  managing  the  running  rigging. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  63 


CHAPTER    X. 

THE  ACADEMIC  STAFF.— EXAMINATIONS.— MIDSHIPMEN  ON 
FURLOUGH.— MERIT  ROLL.— CONDUCT  ROLL.— PUNISH- 
MENTS. 

The  Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Academy  has  the 
immediate  government  and  command  of  the  institution. 
He  must  be  of  a  rank  not  lower  than  that  of  com- 
mander. The  officer  at  the  Academy  who  is  next  in 
authority  to  the  Superintendent,  is  the  Commandant 
of  Midshipmen,  w^hose  rank  must  not  be  below  that 
of  lieutenant.  He  is  the  executive  officer,  and  the  in- 
structor in  practical  seamanship,  practical  naval  gun- 
nery, and  naval  tactics.  He  may  grant  permission  to 
midshipmen  to  leave  the  grounds  for  recreation,  he  in- 
spects, once  each  day,  the  halls,  quarters  and  grounds 
of  the  Academy,  he  gives  orders  when  to  appear  in  full 
uniform,  he  receives  the  reports  of  improper  conduct 
at  recitations,  he  has  charge  of  the  requisition-books 
of  the  midshipmen,  and  he  attends  to  all  other  duties 
which  the  immediate  supervision  of  the  midshipmen 
devolves  upon  him.  He  has  three  officers  to  assist  him 
in  the  discharge  of  these  duties. 


64 


HISTORY    OF   THE 


There  are  eight  professorships  at  the  Academy  and 
the  heads  of  tliese  departments  of  instruction,  viz. :  the 
Professor  of  Mathematics,  the  Professor  of  Astronomy, 
Navigation  and  Surveying,  the  Professor  of  JSTatural 
and  Experimental  Pliilosophy,  the  Professor  of  Field 
Artillery  and  Infantry  Tactics,  the  Professor  of  Ethics 
and  English  Studies,  tlie  Professor  of  the  French  Lan- 
guage, the  Professor  of  the  Spanish  Language,  the  Pro- 
fessor of  Drawing  and  Draughting,  with  the  Superin- 
tendent and  Commandant,  constitute  the  Academic 
Board,  who  decide  upon  the  examinations  of  candidates 
and  of  acting  midshipmen,  upon  the  order  of  instruction, 
upon  the  text-Looks  and  upon  other  subjects  of  like 
character.  There  are  several  officers  and  instructors  who 
are  not  members  of  the  board.  The  annual  examination 
of  all  the  classes  in  the  Academy  is  held  by  the  board 
from  and  after  the  first  day  of  June.  There  is  a  semi-an- 
nual examination  on  the  1st  day  of  February.  There 
are  present  at  the  June  examination,  by  invitation  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  seven  citizens  as  a  Board  of 
Visitors,  w^ho  w^itness  the  manner  in  which  the  ofticers 
and  pupils  discharge  their  respective  duties,  and  report 
to  the  Secretary  upon  the  police,  discipline  and  general 
management  of  the  institution.  At  the  close  of  the 
June  examination,  those  members  of  the  second  class 
who  have  not  received  more  than  one  hundred  and 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  65 

fifty  demerits  for  the  year  are  furloughed  until  the  30th 
of  the  following  September,  and  the  remaining  students 
are  embarked  immediately  on  board  the  practice-ship, 
to  perform  such  cruise  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Is'avy 
may  direct. 

The  Commandant  of  Midshipmen  has  command  of 
the  vessel,  and  he  is  assisted  by  other  officers  and  profes- 
sors. Every  acting  midshipman  who  succeeds  in  pass- 
ing the  June  examination  receives  a  certificate  which 
entitles  him  to  his  warrant  as  a  midshipman  from  that 
date,  and  he  is  promoted  according  to  his  order  of 
merit  at  graduating.  No  acting  midshipman  who  has 
been  dismissed  or  dropped  in  consequence  of  deficiency 
at  an  examination  can  be  restored  to  the  Academy  ex- 
cept on  the  recommendation  of  the  Academic  Board. 

Much  of  the  professional  instruction  at  the  Academy 
is  given  from  manuscripts.  Lieutenant  Marcy,  who 
was  the  first  assistant  appointed,  and  Lieutenant  Parker 
have  left  such  manuscripts.  Lieutenant  Simpson  is  the 
author  of  a  treatise  on  Ordnance  and  Xaval  Gunnery 
and  the  translator  of  a  French  work,  Theorie  du  Point- 
age.  Lieutenant  Jeffers  is  the  author  of  a  work  on 
Naval  Gunnery.  Professor  Coffin  has  his  own  manu- 
scripts. Professor  Girault  is  the  author  of  some  excel- 
lent works  which  are  used  in  his  department. 

The  general  merit  of  an  acting  midshipman  expresses 


66  HISTORY    OF   THE 

the  values  received  at  his  recitations  diminished  in  a 
certain  ratio  for  his  demerits.  The  scale  of  daily  merit 
is  from  0  to  4.  These  merits  are,  of  course,  reported 
regularly  by  the  professors  and  instructors.  The  de- 
merits are  comprised  in  several  classes ;  first  class,  ten 
demerits — repeated  neglect  of  orders,  overstaying  leave, 
absent  from  room  at  night  after  "  taps,"  etc. ;  second 
class,  eight  demerits,  light  in  room  after  "  taps,"  etc. ; 
third  class,  six  demerits,  absence  from  parade,  roll-call, 
etc.,  improper  noise  in  the  buildings,  absence  from 
room  in  study  hours,  etc.  ;  fourth  class,  four  demerits, 
slovenly  dress,  etc. ;  fifth  class,  two  demerits,  late  at 
prayers,  etc. ;  other  minor  ofiences  one  demerit. 

A  student  who  shall  have  standing  against  him  more 
than  two  hundred  demerits,  during  the  academic  year, 
is  declared  deficient  in  conduct,  and  is  dropped  from 
the  navy.  Any  student  who  shall  be  intoxicated,  or 
shall  have  in  his  possession,  within  the  limits  of  the 
Academy,  intoxicating  drinks,  may  be  dismissed  from 
the  institution.  Any  one  who  shall  go  beyond  the 
academic  limits,  without  permission,  who  shall  send, 
accept,  or  bear  a  challenge,  who  shall  play  at  cards, 
or  games  of  chance,  in  the  Academy,  who  shall  off'er 
violence  to,  or  insult  a  person  on  public  duty,  who 
shall  publish  any  thing  relating  to  the  Academy,  or 
who  shall  be  guilty  of  conduct  unbecoming  a  gentle- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  67 

man,  may  be  dismissed  the  service.  Any  one  who 
shall  be  found  to  be  married,  or  who  shall  marry  while 
attached  to  the  Academy,  shall  be  considered  as  having 
authorized  his  name  to  be  dropped  from  the  navy  list. 
Various  other  offences  are  minutely  specified  in  the 
regulations  of  the  Academy. 

Besides  the  demerits,  there  are  the  following  punish- 
ments :  first,  confinement  to  limits,  private  reprimands, 
confinement  to  room,  reprimand  read  on  parade,  etc.  ; 
second,  confinement  in  guard-room ;  third,  dismissal, 
with  the  privilege  of  resigning,  and,  lastly^  public  dis- 
missal. 


68  HISTORY   OF   THE 


CHAPTER    XI. 

DAILY  DiyiSION  OF  TIME.— SECTION-FORMATIONS.  —  CAP- 
TAINS OF  CREWS.— THE  MESS-TABLE.— TATTOO  AND  TAPS. 
—BALMY   SLEEP. 

The  following  are  the  divisions  of  time  and  the  order 
of  daily  duties  for  the  naval  cadets.  The  Morning 
Gun-fire  and  Reveille  with  the  beating  of  the  drum  is 
at  6  o'clock  and  15  minutes  A.  m.,  or  at  6.30,  according 
to  the  season.  Then  there  is  the  police  of  quarters 
and  inspection  of  rooms.  The  roll-call  is  at  6.45  or  at 
7.15,  according  to  the  season.  From  December  1  to 
March  1  the  later  hour  here  mentioned  is  the  one  ob- 
served. Chapel  Service  follows,  and  afterwards,  break- 
fast at  7  or  at  7.30.  The  Sick-call  is  30  minutes  after 
breakfast.  Then  the  acting  midshipmen  enjoy  recre- 
ation until  8  o'clock,  when  the  study  and  recitation 
hours  begin.  Most  of  these  calls  are  made  with  the 
drum  ;  some,  however,  ^re  sounded  with  the  bugle. 

Section-formations^  take  place  in  the  front  hall  of  the 
third  floor,  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the 

*  "  Routine  and  Orders  "  at  Newport. 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  69    ^ 

Officer  of  tlie  Day,  who,  as  well  as  the  Section-leaders, 
is  held  responsible  for  the  preservation  of  silence  and 
ordei".  When  the  signal  is  given  by  the  bngle,  the 
sections  are  marched,  by  the  centre  stairs,  to  their 
respective  recitation-rooms.  The  sections  march  in 
close  order,  in  perfect  silence,  and  with  strict  observ- 
ance of  military  decornm.  Whenever  a  section  leaves 
its  recitation  room,  it  is  marched,  by  its  Leader,  up  the 
western  staircase,  to  the  third  floor,  and  is  there  dis- 
missed. 

This  method  of  forming  and  dismissing  the  sections 
is  now  followed  in  the  present  quarters  of  the  Acad- 
emy at  Newport.  Study  alternates  or  intervenes  with 
recitations  until  1  o'clock,  when  the  signal  for  dinner 
is  sounded.  The  young  gentlemen  are  again  formed 
in  order  by  tl]e  Captains  of  crews,  and  are  marched 
into  the  Mess  Hall.  The  organization  of  the  acting 
midshipmen  is  into  ten  guns'  crews,  for  practical  in- 
struction in  seamansliip  and  gunnery,  and  for  purposes 
of  discipline. 

The  Captains  of  crews,  when  at  the  Mess-table, 
are  to  consider  tliemselves  upon  duty  ;^  and  must  re- 
press promptly  all  disorderly  conduct,  unbecoming 
language,  and  unnecessary  noise. 

They  must  enforce  perfect  silence  among  their  sev- 

*  "  Routine  and  Orders"  at  Newport. 


70  HISTORY    OF   THE 

eral  guns'  crews  until  the  order — ''Seats !" — shall  have 
been  given.  Silence  must  also  be  enforced  after  the 
order — "  Rise!" — until  the  crews  reach  the  main  hall. 

At  all  times,  in  mustering  their  crews,  the  Captains 
must  call  the  names  in  the  lowest  tone  which  will 
secure  attention. 

The  Captains  of  crews  are  required  to  report  any 
irregularity  in  uniform  or  untidiness,  which  they  may 
perceive  at  any  formation,  as  well  as  any  infraction  of 
regulations,  disregard  of  orders,  or  other  impropriety."^ 

The  Professor  of  Field  Artillery  and  Infantry  Tactics 
is  the  inspector  of  the  mess-hall,  and  presides  at  tlie 
mess-table.  He  has  charge  of  the  police  and  order  of 
the  mess-hall,  in  which  duty  he  is  assisted  by  the  Offi- 
cer of  the  day,  and  the  Captains  of  crews. 

Each  student  has  a  seat  assigned  him  at  table,  which 
he  must  not  change  without  the  sanction  of  the  inspec- 
tor of  the  mess-hall. 

The  hours  for  meals  are  regulated  by  the  Superin- 
tendent. 

No  student  must  appear  at  rneals  negligently  dressed. 

Thirty  minutes  are  allowed  for  breakfast,  and  the 
same  time  for  supper.  Forty  minutes  are  allowed  for 
dinner.  At  the  expiration  of  tliese  times  allowed  for 
meals,  the   students   retire,    the   mess-hall   doors   are 

*  "  Routine  and  orders"  and  "  Regulations." 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  71 

closed,  and  then  no  extra  meals  are  served  therein 
except  by  order  of  the  Superintendent. 

Loud  talking  is  not  permitted  at  table,  in  the  mess- 
hall,  or  in  its  vicinity.  Breaches  of  good  breeding 
and  decorum  are  noticed  and  reported,  if  necessary,  by 
the  inspector. 

Wasting  provisions,  or  taking  any  article  of  furni- 
ture or  provisions  from  the  mess-hall,  is  positively  for- 
bidden.' 

"When  there  is  cause  of  dissatisfaction,  whether  in 
relation  to  the  quantity  or  quality  of  provisions,  cook- 
ing, inattention  of  steward,  or  of  servants,  it  must  be 
reported  first  to  the  inspector  of  the  mess-hall,  and 
then,  if  necessary,  by  him  to  the  Superintendent. 

No  student  is  permitted  to  have  a  guest  at  mess- 
table. 

No  meals  are  furnished  to  students  at  their  rooms 
except  in  case  of  sickness,  and  then  only  by  direction 
of  the  surgeon,  and  in  strict  accordance  with  the  diet 
list  which  he  furnishes. 

A  board  of  three  officers  attached  to  the  Academy 
is  appointed  quarterly  by  the  Superintendent,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  propose,  subject  to  his  approval,  the  rate 
of  charge,  per  day,  for  subsistence,  and  the  articles 
of  which  it  shall  be  composed  for  each  day  of  the 
week. 


72  HISTORY    OF   THE 

Dinner  having  been  well  discussed,  the  young  gen- 
tlemen may  enjoy  recreation  again  until  two  p.  m., 
when  tlie  afternoon  study  and  recitation  hours  begin 
and  continue  until  four  o'clock.  There  are  then  in- 
struction in  the  art  of  defence,  infantry  or  artillery 
drill,  and  recreation  until  parade  and  roll-call  at  sun- 
set. Supper  follows  immediately  afterwards,  then  re- 
creation and  call  to  evening  studies  at  6.25  or  6.55 
according  to  the  season.  Study  hours  continue  until 
Tattoo  at  9  1-2  p.  m.,  which  is  a  signal  for  extinguish- 
ing lights  and  the  inspection  of  rooms. 

After  "  taps"  at  ten  o'clock,  no  lights  are  allowed 
in  any  part  of  the  students'  quarters,  except  by  au- 
thority of  the  Superintendent.  ''Kind  nature's  sweet 
restorer,  balmy  sleep"  visits  now  the  tyro  midshipman, 
and  soothes  his  weary  couch  until  morning  Gun-fire 
and  EeN'eille  arouse  him  again  for  the  same  appointed 
round  of  duty.  So  wear  away  his  youthful  days  in 
timely  preparation  for  the  brave  deeds  of  manhood, 
in  the  service  of  his  country,  to  win  an  undying  repu- 
tation at  the  cannon's  mouth, — "  to  pluck  bright  honor 
from  the  pale-faced  moon,"  or  "  dive  into  the  bottom 
of  the  deep  and  drag  up  drowned  honor  by  the  locks." 
Let  us  believe  that  glory  is  no  mere  bubble,  and  that 
the  golden  age  of  our  Somers'  and  Lawrences,  and 
Ferrys  and  Decaturs  has  not  yet  departed. 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  73 


CHAPTEE  XII. 

ROUTIXE  ON  THE  COXSTITUTIOX.— STO^IXG  HAMMOCKS 
AND  ^ASHIXa.— ROLL  CALL,  INSPECTION,  BREAKFAST, 
STUDY.— PARADE.— TATTOO.— ETIQUETTE. 

The  routine  of  duties  of  the  fourth  class  on  board 
the  frigate  Constitution,  is  very  much  like  that  of  the 
other  classes.  The  following  are  extracts  from  the 
routine  book : 

STOWING   HA:srMOCKS,  AND   WASHING. 

(Quarter-Masters,  and  Captains  of  Forecastle,  will  superintend  stowage.) 

At  Reveille,  the  midshipmen  will  immediately  turn 
out,  arrange  their  bedding,  and  taking  their  lashings 
from  the  head  clews  of  their  hammocks,  where  it  was 
neatly  coiled  the  night  before,  will  lash  up  their  ham- 
mocks, taking  seven  taut  turns  at  equal  distances,  and 
tucking  in  their  clews  neatly.  Tliey  will  then  place 
their  hammocks  under  their  right  arms,  and  1st  cap- 
tains will  give  the  order,  "  Stand  by  your  hammocks, 
No.  —  forward,  march  ;"    at  which   order   they  will 

proceed  in  line,  by  their  allotted  ladders,  to  their  al- 
4 


74  HISTORY    OF   THE 

lotted  j)laces  in  their  respective  nettings ;  when  there, 
they  will  in  order  deliver  their  hammocks  to  those  ap- 
pointed to  receive  them  : — each  1st  captain  delivering 
his  hammock  and  falling  back,  will  face  the  line  of 
his  gun's  crew,  and  see  that  proper  order  is  main- 
tained ;  each  midshipman,  after  delivering  his  ham- 
mock, will  fall  hack,  facing  outboard,  forming  line 
from  1st  captain  aft ;  when  all  are  stowed,  the  1st  cap- 
tains, each  at  the  head  of  his  crew,  will  face  them  in 
the  direction  of  their  ladder,  and  march  them  to  the 
wash-room,  odd-numbered  crews  on  starboard,  even 
numbers  on  port  side  of  the  wash-room.  Towels  will 
be  marked  and  kept  in  their  places,  over  eacli  respec- 
tive basin.  No  one  will  leave  the  wash-room  until 
marched  out ;  three  guns'  crews  will  wash  at  the  same 
time,  and  each  week  the  numbers  will  be  changed, 
commencing  with  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3  guns'  crews.  When 
ready,  the  1st  captains  will  march  their  crews  to  their 
places  on  the  berth-deck,  where  they  will  dismiss 
them. 

Guns'  crews  Nos.  1  and  2  stow  hammocks  in  forward 
netting,  No.  2  on  port,  and  No.  1  on  starboard  side ; 
N OS.  3,  5,  and  7,  in  starboard,  and  Nos.  4,  G,  and  8,  in 
port  quarter-deck  nettings,  lowest  numbers  of  each 
crew  stowing  forward. 

Nos.  1  and  2  guns'  crews  leave  berth-deck  by  fore- 


NATAL   ACADEMY.  75 

hatch  ladders,  Nos.  3  and  4  by  main-hatch  ladders, 
Nos.  5  and  6  by  after-hatch  ladders,  and  Xos.  7  and  8 
by  steerage  ladders,  each  on  their  respective  sides,  and 
each  march  to  their  allotted  places  on  spar-deck. 

Twelve  minutes  from  the  close  of  Reveille  (which 
will  be  shown  by  three  taps  on  the  drum)  are  allowed 
for  lashing  hammocks,  and  to  leave  the  berth-deck. 

MORNING   ROLL-CALL,    INSPECTION,  AND   BREAKFAST. 

The  guns'  crews  will  form  in  two  ranks,  at  their  re- 
spective places  on  gun-deck:  Isos.  1,  3,  5  and  7  on 
port  side,  and  Xos.  2,  4,  6  and  8  on  starboard  side ; 
1st  and  2d  captains  on  the  right  of  their  crews,  officer 
in  charge,  and  adjutant  forward  of  main-mast.  Officer 
of  the  day  and  superintendents  forward  of  main-hatch, 
fronting  officer  in  charge ;  when  formed,  they  will  be 
faced  to  the  front,  and  dressed  by  1st  captains  by  the 
orders,  ''  Front ;  right  dress ;"  (captains  are  specially 
enjoined  to  give  no  other  orders).  The  adjutant  then 
gives  the  order,  "  Muster  your  crews ;"  when  each  1st 
captain,  taking  one  step  to  the  front,  faces  the  line  of 
his  crew,  2d  captain  stepping  forward  into  his  inter- 
val ;  1st  captain  then  calls  the  roll  from  memory, 
noting  absentees ;  when  finished,  faces  toward  his 
place,  2d  captain  takes  backward  step  to  his  former 
position,  and   1st   captain   faces   about   to   his   place 


76  HISTORY    OF   THE 

in  the  front  rank;  the  adjutant  then  gives  the  order, 
" First  captains  front  and  centre;"  1st  captains  take 
one  full  step  to  the  front,  and  face  the  adjutant's  po- 
sition, 2d  captains  filling  intervals  as  before;  the 
adjutant  then  gives  the  order,  "March,"  at  which, 
captains  march  in  direction  of  the  adjutant,  forming 
in  line  abreast  of  him ;  the  adjutant  then  gives  the 
order,  "  Front ;  report ;"  the  captains  report  all  pres- 
ent ;  thus  :  "  All  present,  'No.  1 ;"  or  if  any  are  absent, 
thus  :  "  — —  absent,  No.  1 ;"  1st  captain  of  No.  1 
will  commence  in  a  short,  sharp,  and  intelligible  tone, 
making  the  salute  when  he  has  finished,  which  will 
be  the  signal  for  1st  captain  of  No.  2  to  report,  and  so  on 
to  the  last ;  the  adjutant  then  gives  the  order,  " Posts; 
march ;"  the  1st  captains  facing,  at  the  order,  "jposts^^^ 
in  the  direction  of  their  crews,  advance  at  the  word 
"  march^^  to  their  places  in  the  ranks  ;  the  adjutant 
then  reports  to  the  officer  in  charge,  and  receives  his 
instructions ;  if  there  be  any  orders,  he  publishes 
them;  he  then  gives  the  order,  ''Two  files  from  the 
right,  two  paces  to  the  front ;  march  ;"  when  the  two 
files  from  the  right  of  each  rank  step  two  paces  to  the 
front,  and  the  adjutant  gives  the  order,  "  Battalion 
right  dress ;"  the  battalion  dresses  on  the  two  files, 
and  the  adjutant  gives  the  order,  "  Battalion  to  the 
rear,  open  order ;   march ;"  when  the  rear  rank  will 


NATAL   ACADEMY.  77 

take  t-TO  steps  to  the  rear,  halt,  and  be  dressed  by  the 
2d  captain. 

The  officer  in  charge,  with  the  adjutant,  will  pro- 
ceed to  inspect  the  battalion,  the  adjutant  making 
memoranda  of  any  thing  not  in  order ;  when  finished, 
they  will  return  to  place  ;  the  adjutant  will  then  give 
the  order,  "  Eear  rank,  close  order ;  march ;"  when 
the  rear  rank  will  take  two  steps  forward  ;  the  adju- 
tant then  gives  the  order,  ''  Officer  of  the  day  and 
superintendents,  relieve ;"  at  which  the  officer  of  the 
day  and  superintendents  of  the  day  previous  will  face 
about,  and  pass  the  orders  to  their  reliefs,  the  officer 
of  the  dav  deliverino^  his  side-arms :  thev  will  then 
take  position  in  their  respective  crews. 

At  all  formations,  the  officer  of  the  day  and  super- 
intendents will  form  in  rear  of  the  officer  in  charge 
and  adjutant. 

When  the  officer  of  the  day  and  superintendents 
of  the  day  previous  have  taken  their  places  in  their 
crews,  the  adjutant  gives  the  order,  "March  to  break- 
fast ;"  the  1st  captains  will  direct  their  crews  by  their 
respective  ladders,  to  their  respective  mess-tables: 
Nos.  1,  3,  5  and  7  on  starboard,  and  Xos.  2,  4,  6  and 
8  on  port  side  of  the  berth-deck  ;  on  arriving  at  the 
mess-tables,  each  1st  captain  will  take  position  in  rear 
of  his  camp-stool,  at  the  after  end  of  the  table,   2d 


78  HISTORY   OF   THE 

captain  taking  the  forward  end,  and  the  crew  taking 
position  corresponding  to  their  places  in  the  ranks  ; 
all  will  remain  standing  in  rear  of  their  respective 
camp-stools,  until  the  officer  in  charge  gives  the  order, 
"  Seats ;"  at  which  word  the  midshipmen  will  place 
their  caps  under  their  camp-stools,  and  quietly  take 
their  seats.  As  the  midshipmen  at  each  table  shall 
have  finished  the  meal,  the  1st  captain  will  rise  and 
look  at  the  adjutant,  who  will  acknowledge  the  report 
by  raising  his  right  hand  ;  the  1st  captain  will  then 
resume  his  seat ;  when  all  shall  have  reported,  the 
adjutant  will  make  it  known  to  the  officer  in  charge, 
who,  rising  from  his  seal,  will  tap  on  the  table,  and 
give  the  order,  "  Rise;"  at  which  order,  each  midship- 
man will  rise,  put  on  his  cap,  step  to  the  rear  of  his 
camp-stool,  putting  it  in  place,  and  facing  aft ;  at  the 
order,  "  March,"  from  the  adjutant,  1st  captains  will 
advance,  followed  by  their  crews  in  their  proper  order, 
and  proceed  to  their  parade  stations  on  the  gun-deck, 
where  thev  will  form  and  dress  their  command,  and 
bring  them  to  parade  rest,  in  order  for  prayers  ;  all 
will  take  off  their  caps  at  the  opening  of  prayers,  and 
put  them  on  at  the  order,  "  Attention,"  at  the  close 
of  prayers,  from  the  adjutant,  who  gives  the  order, 
"  Battalion,  attention  ;  right  face,  break  ranks,  march." 
The  hours  for  recitation  and  study  are  the  same  on 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  79 

board  the  frigate  as  in  quarters, — from  about  eight 
o'clock  in  the  morning  to  one  o'clock,  and  from  about 
two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  to- four  o'clock.  The 
guns'  crews  are  then  assembled  for  exercise  at  the 
"great  guns"  for  one  hour,  or  one  hour  and  a  half,  or 
perhaps  in  infantry  drill,  or  in  practical  seamanship, 
including  exercises  with  boats,  the  lead,  log,  etc.  Even- 
ing Parade  intervenes,  and  after  supper  the  fourth  class 
are  called  to  their  studies  a2:ain  at  about  seven  or  ten 
minutes  before  eight  o'clock,  according  to  the  season. 
Tattoo,  9.30  p.  m.     Taps,  9.53  p.  m.     4  bells,  10  p.  m. 

TATTOO."^ 

At  the  call,  the  midshipmen  will  neatly  arrange 
their  books  and  papers,  place  their  chairs  under  their 
desks,  and  at  gun-fire  will  form  by  crews,  as  at  even- 
ing studies,  when  the  officer  in  charge  will  inspect 
the  study-tables,  the  superintendents  accompanying 
him,  and  at  close  of  the  inspection,  handing  in  their 
reports  to,  and  falling  in,  to  rear  of  the  officer  in 
charge. 

Tlie  adjutant  will  then  give  the  order  ''beat  the?  re- 
treat ;"  when  the  retreat  is  beaten,  he  will  give  the 
order  "  battalion,  right  face,  break  ranks,  march. '^ 

The  midshipmen  will  prepare  to  retire  to  their  ham- 

*  Routine  Book  on  board  tlie  Constitution. 


80  HISTORY   OF   THE 

mocks,  or  will  amuse  themselves,  but  at  "  taps"  they 
must  all  turn  in,  and  all  noise  must  cease  at  four  bells. 
Captains  are  charged  with  the  execution  of  this  order 
in  their  crews. 

At  four  bells,  the  officer  of  the  day  and  the  master- 
at-arms  will  go  around  the  gun-deck,  study  room,  and 
berth-deck,  see  all  study  room  windows,  study  and 
recitation  room  doors  closed,  and  all  liglits  out,  except 
that  forward  of  main-mast,  on  berth-deck  and  cabin 
bulkhead,  and  will  report  to  the  officer  in  charge,  at 
his  office,  who  will  then  give  them  permission  to  turn 
in.  The  officer  of  the  day  will  then  place  his  journal, 
written  up  and  signed,  together  with  the  routine  re- 
port, in  the  office  of  the  officer  in  charge. 

During  the  night,  the  quarter-master  of  the  watch 
will  every  hour  visit  all  parts  of  the  ship,  and  see  that 
there  are  no  signs  of  fire,  and  that  the  lights  and 
steam  connections  are  secure. 

ETIQUETTE.* 

The  midshipmen  will  not  use  the  steerage  ladders; 
the  after  ladder  from  the  gun-deck,  the  starboard  poop 
ladder,  the  starboard  side  of  the  poop,  quarter-deck,  or 
gangway  abaft  No.  2  recitation  room  ;  they  are  par- 
ticularly enjoined  to  keep  the  starboard  gangway  clear. 

*  Routine  Book  on  tlie  Constitution. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  81 

The  etiquette  of  the  quarter-deck  will  be  strictly  ob- 
served. Officers  on  coming  up  the  quarter-deck  lad- 
ders will  make  the  salute.  No  running,  skylarking, 
boisterous  conduct,  or  loud  talking,  will  be  permitted 
on  the  quarter-deck  or  poop.  The  midshipmen  will 
never  appear  on  the  gun-deck  or  quarter-deck  without 
their  caps^  jackets,  and  cravats.  They  will,  in  ascend- 
ing and  descending  the  ladders,  avoid  the  heavy  step 
upon  them  which  is  made  by  shore  people ;  when 
absent  in  boats  they  will  yield  implicit  and  prompt 
obedience  to  their  captains,  or  those  placed  in  charge. 

It  is  particularly  forbidden  to  get  out  of,  or  into  the 
ship,  through  the  ports,  or  to  sit  on  the  rail  of  the 
ship. 

No  one  is  permitted  to  go  out  on  the  head-booms 

during  study  hours,  or  to  go  aloft,  without  authorized 

permission.     No  one  is  permitted  to  go  or  come  from 

the  berth-deck  during  study  hours,  by  any  other  than 

the  main-hatch  ladders.   The  midshipmen  are  forbidden 

to  sit  upon  the  study  tables. 
6 


^ 


82  HISTORY   OF   THE 


CHAPTEE    XIII. 

NAYAL  AND  MILITARY  ORaANIZATION  OF  THE  MIDSHIP- 
MEN.— WATCHMEN.  —  UNIFORM.  —  LAWRENCE  LITERARY 
SOCIETY.— HOPS  AND  BALLS. 

The  first  in  command  at  the'  Naval  Academy  is,  of 
course,  the  Superintendent,  the  second  in  command  is 
the  Commandant  of  Midshipmen,  and  the  next  in  order 
is  the  Officer  in  Charge,  who  is  a  lieutenant,  one  of 
the  academic  assistants  detailed  temporarily  to  attend, 
"  especially,  to  the  discipline  of  the  Academy.  When 
the  battalion  of  acting  midshipmen  is  formed,  at  parade, 
or  on  other  occasions,  the  Adjutant,  who  is  the  highest 
officer  of  the  acting  midshipmen,  is  next  in  command 
to  the  Officer  in  Charge,  and  these  two  take  their 
position  a  few  paces  in  front  of  the  battalion.  Tlie 
Officer  of  the  Day  is  an  acting  midshipman,  who  assists 
the  naval  Officer  in  Charge  in  the  details  of  the  police 
and  discipline.  There  are  also  acting  midshipmen  who 
serve  as  superintendents  of  floors,  and  maintain  order 
in  their  respective  quarters.    It  has  been  already  men- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  83 

tioned  that  there  are  ten  guns'  crews  of  acting  midship- 
men, which  are  commanded  by  Captains,  a  mode  of 
dividing  the  corps  which  is  very  important  in  exercis- 
ing at  the  guns,  and  in  drilling. 

Men  are  also  employed  in  the  capacity  of  watchmen 
about  the  grounds  of  the  Academy,  and  there  is  not 
60  much  reliance,  in  matters  of  discipline,  upon  senti- 
nels who  are  selected  from  the  students,  as  there  is  in 
the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  This  is,  un- 
doubtedly, the  weakest  feature  in  the  West  Point  sys- 
tem. The  greatest  evil  of  all,  in  that  institution,  is  the 
frequent  absence  of  the  young  gentlemen  from  cadets' 
limits,  and  this  is  sometimes,  of  course,  accompanied 
with  midnight  revelry  and  intoxication,  an  evil  which 
could  not  exist,  in  any  degree,  except  through  the  con- 
nivance of  the  cadet  sentinels.  Nearly  all  college  pro- 
fessors and  other  instructors  will  testify  that  it  is  folly 
to  intrust  discipline  too  much  to  the  students.  There 
is  a  romantic  esprit  du  corps  among  the  young  men  in 
these  institutions,  whi<ih  unfits  them  absolutely  for 
such  duties.  In  regard,  therefore,  to  the  employment 
of  watchmen,  the  West  Point  Academy  can  learn  much 
from  her  younger  sister,  the  Naval  Academy.  It  is 
evident  that  the  latter  institution  has  borrowed  many 
features  from  the  systems  of  the  former,  but,  in  this  par- 
ticular she  can  repay  the  debt. 


84  HISTORY    OF   THE 

The  regulations  in  regard  to  uniform  are  as  follows, 
viz. : — 

All  officers  attached  to  the  Academy,  or  practice-ship, 
shall  wear  their  undress  uniforms  at  all  times  while  on 
duty,  unless  the  Superintendent  should,  on  any  occa- 
sion, direct  the  officers  to  appear  in  some  other  par- 
ticular kind  of  uniform  prescribed  for  their  respective 
grades. 

The  uniform  of  an  acting  midshipman  shall  consist 
of  a  jacket  of  dark  blue  cloth,  double-breasted,  with 
side-pockets,  rolling-collar,  nine  small  navy -buttons  on 
each  breast,  and  a  gold  foul-anchor  on  each  side  of  the 
collar.  Cap^  same  as  that  prescribed  for  midshipman, 
except  the  gold-lace  band ;  instead  of  which,  a  silver 
foul-anchor  over  the  vizor  is  to  be  worn.  Yest^pantor 
loons^  and  other  articles  of  under-dress^  and  the  regu- 
lations for  hair,  beard,  and  whiskers,  the  same  as  for 
midshipman.  Overcoat^  as  now  authorized  for  mid- 
shipman, with  the  exception  of  the  buttons  on  the 
cuffs. 

A  service  or  fatigue  dress,  of  the  same  color  and 
form,  but  of  coarser  and  stronger  fabric ;  jumpers  of 
blue  flannel,  pantaloons  of  blue  flannel,  and  straw  hats 
and  white  jackets,  may  be  worn  when  authorized  by 
the  Superintendent. 

Changes   of   clothing  from  blue   to  white,    or  the 


I 

NAVAL   ACADEMY.  *  85 

reverse,  suggested  by  different  seasons  of  the  year, 
are  not  to  be  made  by  stndents  until  directed  by  the 
Superintendent. 

Students  appointed  to  act  as  officers  of  crews,  com- 
panies, etc.,  shall  wear  such  badges  as  designation  on 
the  sleeves  of  the  jacket  as  the  Superintendent  may 
prescribe. 

Ko  student  shall  be  allowed  to  keep,  or  to  wear 
within  the  walls  of  the  Academy,  or  in  the  city  of  An- 
napolis, or  its  immediate  vicinity,  any  article  of  cloth- 
ing, or  wearing  apparel,  not  permitted  to  be  worn  with, 
or  as  a  part  of,  his  uniform. 

In  a  history  of  the  Naval  Academy,  some  allusion, 
although  brief,  should  be  made  to  tlie  amusements  of 
the  acting  midshipmen.  Among  these  may  be  men- 
tioned, first,  the  exercises  of  a  voluntary  association, 
the  Lawrence  Literary  Society,  which  was  named  after 
Captain  James  Lawrence,  whose  dying  words,  ''  Don't 
give  up  the  ship,"  are  so  well  known.  This  society 
was  founded  by  the  graduating  class  of  1S58.  Its 
meetings  have  been  discontinued,  lately,  on  account 
of  the  diminished  numbers  who  have  recentlv  been  in 
attendance  at  the  Academy.  Practice  with  the  boats 
"  afloat,"  generally  furnishes,  of  course,  much  recrea- 
tion for  the  young  gentlemen,  and,  besides  the  amuse- 
ments of  such  a  character,  tliey  receive  permission  from 


86  HISTORY   OF   THE 

the  Superintendent,  during  the  spring  and  autumn, 
also,  to  entertain  their  friends  at  extemporized  dancing 
parties  which  are  known  as  "  hops." 

It  has  already  been  mentioned  that  a  Naval  Ball  was 
given,  w^th  great  eclat^  during  the  first  winter  after  the 
establishment  of  the  school  at  Annapolis,  and,  from 
this  as  a  precedent,  it  has  become  a  custom  at  the 
Academy  to  give  such  a  ball,  each  year,  generally  near 
the  holidays.  This  is  a  joyous  season  for  the  naval 
cadets, — we  shall  not  venture  on  a  description  of  the 
gay  scene.  Banners  and  trophies  captured  in  blood, 
on  many  a  sea,  adorn  the  walls,  the  Marine  Band  is 
there  discoursing  sweet  music  and 

"  There  is  a  sound  of  revelry  bj  night, 
And  Academia  doth  gather  then 
Her  beauty  and  her  chivalry,  and  bright 

The  lamps  shine  o'er  fair  women  and  brave  men." 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  87 


CHAPTEE   XIY. 

SKETCHES.— CAPTAIN  BUCHANAN.— COMMANDER  UPSHUK. 

—CAPTAIN  STRIBLING. 

Captain  Franklin  Buchanan,  the  first  Superinten- 
dent of  the  Naval  Academy,  has  ahvaj^s  borne  the 
highest  character  as  an  accomplished  officer.  He  is  a 
native  of  Maryland,  and  he  entered  the  service  in  the 
year  1815.  When  the  important  duty  of  organizing 
the  Naval  School  at  Annapolis  was  confided  to  him  by 
the  Hon.  George  Bancroft,  he  was  yet  a  young  man, 
being  then  about  thirty  years  of  age,  and  his  rank  was 
that  of  commander.  Mr.  Bancroft  had,  himself,  been 
connected  in  early  life  as  an  instructor  with  institutions 
of  learning,  and  he  w^as  an  excellent  judge  of  the  quali- 
fications of  the  professors  and  officers  whom  he  selected 
for  the  academic  staff  at  Annapolis.  Commander  Bu- 
chanan entered  upon  his  duties  as  Superintendent,  as 
we  have  seen,  in  August,  1845,  and  he  continued  in 
charge  of  the  Naval  School  about  two  years.  All  par- 
ties of  that  day,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  the  public 


88  HISTOKY   OF   THE 

journalists,  and  others,  bear  testimony  to  the  skill, 
ability  and  success  with  which  lie  discharged  the  diffi- 
cult duties  of  his  office.  Pie  was  relieved  in  March, 
1847,  and  was  ordered  to  the  sloop-of-war  Germantown. 

He  has  been  since  in  various  responsible  positions, 
the  last  of  which,  in  1860,  was  that  of  commandant  of 
th«  Navy  Yard  in  Washington.  At  the  time  the  pres- 
ent difficulties  arose  with  the  seceding  states.  Captain 
Buclianan,  in  an  unguarded  moment,  sent  in  his  resig- 
nation to  the  Navy  Department,  which  was  accepted, 
but  it  is  stated  that  he  has  since  deeply  regretted  hav- 
ing taken  such  a  step.  The  entire  period  of  his  service 
in  the  United  States  Navy  was  about  forty-six  years. 

Commander  George  P.  Upshur  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  a  kinsman  of  the  Hon.  A.  P.  Upshur,  who 
was  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  during  the  administra- 
tion of  Harrison  and  Tyler  from  1841  to  1845.  Com- 
mander Upshur  entered  the  service  in  1818.  He  was 
ordered  to  the  Naval  School  as  its  Superintendent  in 
March,  1847,  he  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  sat- 
isfactorily for  three  years,  and  his  next  orders  were  to 
join  the  Mediterranean  Squadron.  He  died  on  board 
the  sloop  of  war  Levant  at  Spezzia,  on  the  third  of 
November,  1852. 

Captain  C.  K.  Stribling  is  a  native  of  South  Carolina ; 
there  are  members  of  his  family,  also,  resident  in  Fau- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  89 

quier  County,  Virginia,  which  is  the  home  of  the 
descendants  of  the  late  Chief  Justice  Marshall.  Cap- 
tain Stribling's  original  entry  into  the  service  was  in 
the  year  1812.  He  served  as  a  midshipman  and  after- 
wards as  a  lieutenant  on  board  the  frigate  Constellation, 
commanded  by  Captain  Crane,  which  was  in  the  Medi- 
terranean for  three  or  four  years  previous  to  1820,  when 
the  frigate  made  a  cruise  along  the  eastern  coast  of 
South  America.  He  was  then  on  duty,  for  two  years, 
on  board  the  United  ^States,  and  was  ordered,  some  time 
in  1822,  to  the  sloop  of  war  Peacock  under  Commander 
Cassin.  The  Sea  Gull,  John  Adams,  Peacock,  Hornet, 
Spark,  Grampus,  Shark,  eight  small  schooners,  five 
barges,  and  one  transport,  formed  the  squadron  com- 
manded by  Commodore  Porter  at  this  time,  a  flotilla 
stationed  in  the  West  Indies,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
for  the  protection  of  trade  and  the  suppression  of  acts 
of  piracy  which  were  frequent  in  those  seas.  Com- 
mander Cassin,  who  was  then  off  Havana,  made  his 
report  in  April,  1823,  to  Commodore  Porter,  of  an  action 
which  had  resulted  in  the  capture  of  the  "  noted  pirat- 
ical schooner  Pilot,"  by  Lieutenant  Stribling  in  com- 
mand of  the  Gallinipper  and  another  small  vessel,  an 
exploit  which  gave  Commander  Cassin  "  great  satisfac- 
tion." 

Lieutenant  Stribling's  own  account  of  the  captm'e  is 


90  HISTORY   OF   THE 

as  follows:^ — "At  7  a.  m.  I  discovered  a  schooner  about 
three  miles  to  the  eastward,  of  a  suspicious  appearance, 
and  immediately  gave  chase ;  the  stranger  was  appar- 
ently full  of  men  and  sweeping  in  shore.  At  8h.  15m. 
I  fired  two  muskets  to  bring  the  chase  to.  On  firing 
the  second  gun,  she  commenced  firing  with  round,  and 
grape  and  musketry.  We  returned  it  with  our  mus- 
kets, at  the  same  time  making  every  exertion  to  get 
along-side  of  her;  at  8.30  the  schooner  gained  the 
shore  ;  in  an  instant  we  were  on  board  of  her,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  on  shore.  We  secured  one  man,  and 
found  two  of  her  crew  killed, — one  on  board,  the  other 
on  shore.  We  have  every  reason,  however,  to  believe 
that  several  were  wounded.  I  landed  the  marines  with 
some  of  the  seamen,  but  the  thickness  of  the  under- 
wood rendered  it  imprudent  to  pursue  them.  We  got 
off  the  schooner, — late  the  Pilot,  of  Norfolk,  without 
her  sustaining  any  material  injury.  I  am  happy  to 
state  that  not  one  of  our  men  was  injured, — this  I  con- 
sider the  more  remarkable  and  providential,  as  the 
pirates  had  every  advantage  in  being  in  a  large  vessel, 
where  they  could  load  and  fire  with  quickness  and  cer- 
tainty." The  schooner  at  first  hoisted  Spanish  colors; 
her  complement  was  thirty-six  men. 

The  arms  found  on  board  were  a  long  twelve-pounder, 

♦  American  State  Papers,  Naval  Affairs,  ToL  L,  p.  1109. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  91 

a  good  supply  of  blunderbusses,  and  other  weapons  of 
various  kinds.  It  is  probable  that  many  of  the  pirates 
were  severely  wounded,  as  the  captain  was  seen  after- 
wards at  Matanzas,  and  he  then  declared  that  all  of  the 
crew  but  three  were  killed.  His  name  was  Domino-o, 
a  well  known  character.  He  had  some  ideas  of  pro- 
priety left,  for  when  the  Pilot  was  captured,  but  eight 
days  previously,  he  found  on  board  a  number  of  letters 
for  Commodore  Porter's  squadron  which  he  took  care 
to  forward,  courteously,  to  their  destination.  On  the 
28th  and  30th  of  September,  in  the  former  year.  Cap- 
tain Cassin  had  captured  five  piratical  vessels.  Com- 
modore Porter  was  able  to  report,  at  the  end  of  the 
year,  that  all  the  haunts  of  pirates  in  those  seas,  had 
been  entirely  broken  up. 

Captain  Stribling  was  on  the  West  India  station 
about  three  years,  and  after  a  short  period  passed  on 
shore,  on  leave  of  absence,  he  served  again  for  three 
years,  from  1828,  in  the  Pacific  Squadron,  on  board 
the  sloop  of  war  Vincennes.  He  was  afterwards  em- 
ployed a  few  years  in  the  ordnance  department,  and 
finally,  from  18-1:2  to  1845,  and,  perhaps,  during  a  few 
later  years  he  commanded  the  Cyane  and  the  Falmouth 
in  the  Pacific  Squadron.  In  18-19,  he  was  on  board 
the  flag-sliip  Ohio,  as  Fleet  Captain  in  the  Pacific.  He 
discharged  the  duties  very  acceptably,  as  we  have  ai- 


92  HISTORY    OF   THE 

ready  seen  from  1850  to  1853,  of  tlie  Superintendent 
of  the  Naval  Academy. 

His  most  important  service  during  the  last  few  years 
has  been  rendered  as  Flag  Officer  of  the  East  India 
Squadron,  from  which  command  he  has  just  been  or- 
dered home,  the  necessities  of  the  Government  having 
compelled  the  withdrawal  for  home  service  of  the  East 
India,  Mediterranean,  Brazil,  and  African  Squadrons. 
Upon  taking  leave  of  this  station,  a  meeting  of  Amer- 
ican merchants  was  held  at  Hong  Kong  on  the  twenty- 
fourth  of  July,  1861,  at  which  resolutions  were  passed 
complimentary  to  Flag  Officer  Stribling  and  Com- 
mander Kadford,  expressing  "high  esteem  for  their 
personal  character  and  their  appreciation  of  the  man- 
ner in  which  their  responsible  duties  have  been  dis- 
charged." The  resolutions  refer  also  to  "  their  enlarged 
and  patriotic  view  of  their  duty  in  the  present  state  of 
American  affairs,"  and  commend  their  loydty  and  the 
good  faith  displayed  by  them.  Captain  Stribling  is 
true  to  his  flag  and  his  country  to  the  last,  a  brave 
officer  and  an  honest  man. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  93 


CHAPTER  XY. 

CAPTAIN  GOLDSBOROUaH.— CAPTAIN  BLAKE. 

CAPTArN"  Lewis  M.  Goldsborough  is  a  native  of  tlie 
District  of  Columbia,  and  a  son,  we  believe,  of  the  late 
Hon.  Charles  W.  Goldsborough,  who  was  formerly 
Governor  of  Maryland,  and  was,  also,  for  many  years, 
the  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Commissioners  for  'the 
Navy  in  "Washington.  Captain  Goldsborough  first 
entered  the  service  in  1812.  He  was  on  board  the 
seventy-four  gun  ship  Franklin,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
as  a  midshipman,  under  Captain  Charles  Stewart,  for 
about  four  years  previous  to  1821.  He  was  also  with 
Captain  Warrington,  a  short  period,  on  the  Guerriere. 
From  1822  to  1824  he  was  on  duty  again,  on  board  tlie 
Franklin,  in  the  Pacific,  protecting  our  extensive  whale 
trade  and  commerce  in  those  seas,  and  he  assisted  after- 
wards in  the  survey  of  the  coast,  near  Pensacola  and 
Tampa  Bay,  Florida.  He  enjoyed  now  a  short  respite 
on  shore,  and  he  then  served  for  about  three  years,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  on  board  the  schooner  Porpoise. 

In  1832,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  chronometers 


94  HISTORY   OF   THE 

and  charts  of  the  department  at  Washington.  He  also 
served,  about  this  time,  in  the  Portsmouth  Navy  Yard, 
and  in  December,  1846,  he  vras  ordered  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  seventy-four  gun  ship  Ohio,  which  bore 
also  Fleet  Captain  Stringham,  and  was  preparing  for 
service  in  the  Pacific.  Before  sailing  thither,  however, 
they  were  first  dispatched  to  the  Gulf  and  participated 
in  the  capture  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  Tuspan,  and  in  other 
engagements.  In  1849  he  was  on  special  duty  in  Cali- 
fornia and  Oregon,  and  for  four  years  from  1853,  a 
longer  term  than  that  of  any  of  his  predecessors,  he 
disdiarged  successfully  the  duties  of  Superintendent  of 
the  Naval  Academy.  He  was  recently  in  service  in 
the  Brazilian  Squadron,  commanding  the  fiag-ship,  the 
frigate  Congress,  until  the  squadron  was  ordered  home. 
The  Congress  arrived  in  August,  1861,  and  joined  the 
blockading  squadron  in  the  Gulf. 

After  the  brilliant  achievements  of  the  naval  force 
dispatched  against  the  forts  at  Hatteras  Inlet,  on  the 
twenty-eighth  of  August,  1861,  under  command  ,of 
Flag  Oflicer  Stringham,  this  veteran  in  the  service 
asked  to  be  relieved  from  the  command  of  the  Atlantic 
Squadron,  which  request  was  complied  with  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy.  The  squadron  was  then  di- 
vided, and  Captain  L.  M.  Goldsborough  was  placed  in 
command  of   the  northern   division,    embracing  the 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  95 

coasts  of  Yirglnia  and  Xortli  Carolina,  and  Captain  S. 
F.  Dupont,  over  the  southern  division,  which  includes 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida.  Captain  Golds- 
borough  commanded  the  fleet  at  the  attack  on  Roanoke 
Island  which,  with  the  assistance  of  the  land  forces 
under  General  Burnside,  resulted  so  favorably.  His 
broad  pennant  floats  upon  the  breeze  now,  along  those 
shores,  a  terror  to  rebel  enemies,  and  a  signal  of  union, 
of  peace,  and  of  prosperity  to  loyal  citizens. 

The  triumph  of  our  arms  at  Roanoke  Island  has 
imparted  new  lustre  to  the  name  of  Commodore 
Goldsborough,  and  conferred  additional  glory  upon 
American  arms.  And  here  we  must  remember  that 
the  skilful  firing  of  the  naval  cadets,  was  also  an  im- 
portant element  of  success  in  that  engagement.  Hat- 
teras.  Port  Royal,  Roanoke,  Forts  Henry  and  Donel- 
son,  bear  witness  both  to  the  superior  skill  of  the 
older  ofiicers,  and  to  the  scientific  practice  at  the  guns 
of  the  graduates  of  the  Naval  Academy.  This  Acad- 
emy is  a  product  of  the  navy.  It  is  the  creation 
solely  of  the  scientific  officers  of  the  navy,  who  had 
no  similar  institution  to  aid  them  in  the  study  of  nav- 
igation and  the  art  of  war.  Nevertheless,  many  of 
the  older  officers,  as  well  as  the  younger,  are  in  this 
day,  bright  ornaments  to  their  profession  and  worthy- 
defenders  of  their  country's  honor. 


96  HISTORY   OF   THE 

Captain  George  S.  Blake  is  a  native  of  AVorcester, 
Massachusetts.  He  is  the  son  of  a  distinguished  advo- 
cate at  the  bar,  the  late  Francis  Blake,  Esq.  He  was 
commissioned  in  the  navy  in  1818.  His  first  service 
as  a  midshipman  was  rendered  from  1819,  on  board  the 
seventy-four  gun  ship  Columbus,  for  three  years,  under 
Captain  William  Bainbridge  in  the  Mediterranean.  In 
1822,  he  served  on  board  the  brig  Spark,  carrying 
twelve  guns  and  commanded  by  Captain  John  H. 
Elton,  in  the  squadron  which  had  been  fitted  out  for 
the  protection  of  American  commerce,  and  the  sup- 
pression of  piracy  in  the  West  Indies  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  The  Spark  succeeded,  in  January  of  tliat 
year,  in  recapturing  from  the  pirates  a  Dutch  sloop, 
which  had  been  seized  and  converted  by  them  into  a 
piratical  craft.  A  prize  crew  of  seven  men  was  put 
on  board  of  her  and  she  was  sent  into  Charleston, 
South  Carolina. 

On  his  return  from  the  West  Indies  in  1823,  Mid- 
sliipman  Blake  enjoyed  a  furlough  for  a  few  years,  and 
it  is  probable,  that  the  oj)portunity  was  seized  to  give 
some  further  attention  to  his  studies,  and  complete 
more  fully  his  professionai  education.  In  1827,  he 
was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  and  his  next  station 
was  in  the  West  Indies.  In  1830  and  1831,  he  was 
on  board  the  Java  in  the  Mediterranean.     On  the  re- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  97 

tiinr  of  the  Java  from  that  station,  her  commander 
was  dh'ected,  in  furtherance  of  the  humane  policy  of 
the  government,  to  touch  at  Liberia,  and  aid  in  en- 
forcing the  laws  enacted  for  the  suppression  of  the 
slave  trade.  Munitions  of  war  and  other  supplies 
were  furnished  to  the  governor  of  the  colony,  by  order 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  ISTavy.  Five  mutineers  were 
received  on  board  at  Porto  Praya,  and  brought  home 
to  Norfolk  for  trial. 

Lieutenant  Blake  was  afterwards  on  leave,  and  at 
the   Philadelphia  Navy  Yard,  for  a  few   years,  until 
1836,  when  he  entered  upon  one  of  the  most  import- 
ant services  of  his  life,  which  was  rendered  during  a 
period  of  about  ten  years   upon   the   national  Coast 
Survey,  under  the  superintendence  at  first,  of  the  dis- 
tinguished scholar  Mr.  F.  P.  Hassler,  and,  afterwards, 
of  the  no  less  learned  and  distinguished  gentleman, 
Mr.    Alexander   Dallas   Bache.      Lieutenant   Blake's 
labors  upon  this  survey  were  begun  at  Narragansett 
Bay,  Rhode  Island,  and  afterwards  in  1838,  he  com- 
manded the  schooner  Experiment,  in  the  survey  of 
the  coast  near  New  York.     In  1842,  he  had  charge 
of  a  party  on  board  the  United  States  schooners  Nau- 
tilus and  Gallatin,  who  were  surveying  the  Delaware 
Bay  and  river,  in  the  course  of  which  survev  he  dis- 
5 


98  HISTORY    OF   THE 

covered  a  new  and  safe  ship  channel,  which  had  not 
been  laid  down  before  on  the  chart.^ 

In  18465  ^^  ^^^s  relieved  from  duty,  on  the  Coast 
Survey,  and  assumed  command  of  the  brig  Perry  in 
the  Pacific.  About  two  years  afterwards,  he  was  em- 
ployed for  a  short  period  at  the  Navy  Yard  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  in  the  Bureau  of  Construction.  From 
1850  to  1853,  he  served  as  Fleet  Captain  of  the  squad- 
ron in  the  Mediterranean.  He  was  then  on  duty  for 
two  years  again  in  the  naval  Bureau  of  Construction, 
and  afterwards  for  about  two  years,  he  was  upon  special 
duty  connected  with  the  building  of  the  war  steamer 
which  was  under  contract  with  Mr.  R.  L.  Stevens. 
He  was  appointed  the  Superintendent  of  the  Naval 
Academy  in  1857.  He  has  been  now  forty-three 
years  and  nine  months  in  the  service  ;  he  is  yet  in  the 
vigor  of  manhood,  and  is  well  able,  if  his  life  be 
spared,  to  add  many  more  honorable  deeds  to  this 
already  so  brilliant  a  record. 

*  See  Lieutenant  Blake's  report  of  this  survey.     Executive  Docu- 
ments, 1811-15,  vol.  n..  Document  25. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  99 


CHAPTEE    XYI. 

PROFESSOR  CHAUYENET.— BRIGADIER  GENERAL  LOCK- 
WOOD.  —  PROFESSOR  COFFIN.  —  PROFESSOR  GIRAULT.— 
PROFESSOR  NOURSE.— PROFESSOR  HOPKINS.— PROFESSOR 
WLN^LOCK.— PROFESSOR  SMITH. 

Professor  William  Chauyenet  was  tlie  Professor  of 
Mathematics  at  the  organization  of  the  Naval  School 
in  1845.  He  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
commissioned  a  professor  in  the  navy,  on  the  eighth 
of  December,  1841,  and  was  ordered  for  duty,  to  the 
school  for  midshipmen,  which  was  then  held  in  the 
naval  asylum,  in  Philadelphia.  At  the  time  of  his  en- 
tering upon  his  duties,  there  were  but  two  professors, 
Mr.  Meiere  and  himself,  and  twenty-nine  midshipmen. 
The  school  was  not  at  this  period,  a  recognized  institu- 
tion ;  it  was  merely  a  collection  of  midshipmen  under 
the  instruction  of  teachers,  and  attached  to  the  naval 
asylum.  It  was  opened  at  the  asylum  sometime  in 
the  year  1840.  Similar  schools  had  been  gathered 
previously  at  other  points  ;  there  were,  at  one  time, 
naval  schools  at  Xew  York  and  Norfolk,  and  on  board 
many  of  the  ships.     It  is  evident  that  these  schools, 


100  HISTORY   OF   THE 

which  were  entirely  deficient  in  organization,  and  aca- 
demic staff  and  professorships,  were  quite  unlike  the 
one  established  hj  the  Hon.  George  Bancroft  in  1845, 
at  Annapolis. 

Tlie  selection  of  Professor   Chauvenet  for  the  de- 
partment of  mathematics  in  the  institution  then  just 
founded,  was  commended  by  a  journalist  of  that  day 
in  the  following  language  :^  "  Among  those  who  have 
been  called  to  assist  in  opening  and  conducting  the 
new  school,  is  -Professor  Chauvenet,  of  Philadelphia, 
a  young  gentleman,  whose  love   and   acquisition  of 
science  and  aptness  to  impart,  gives  assurance  of  the 
continued  progress  of  those  submitted  to   his   care." 
It  it  said  by  his  friends,  that   Professor    Chauvenet 
assisted  much  at  an   early  period,  in  organizing  the 
systems  of  instruction,  and  shaping  the  destinies  of 
the  school.     He  served  in  the  departments  of  Mathe- 
matics, and  of  Astronomy,  and  Is^avigation  until  the 
year   1859,  when   he   sought  a  furlough,  and   having 
taken  up  his  residence  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  he  has 
since  resigned  his  professorship  in  the  Academy.     He 
is  considered  an  able  instructor,  and  he  is  the  author 
of  one  of  the  best  treatises  we  have  upon  Trigonometry. 
Although  he  is  in  retirement,  he  is  not  forgotten ;  his 
memory  is  still  cherished  in  the  hearts  of  his  pupils, 

*  NHes'  Register,  voL  LXIX. 


NAVAI.   ACADEMY.  101 

whose  scientific  attainments,  applied  now  in  the  service 
of  their  country,  reflect  back  new  honors  upon  their 
teacher. 

Professor  Henry  H.  Lockwood  was  the  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy  and  Astronomy  at  the  opening  of 
the  Naval  School  in  1845.  He  is  a  native  of  the 
state  of  Delaware,  and  was  educated  in  the  United 
States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  at  which  in- 
stitution he  graduated  in  1836,  and  was  commissioned 
a  brevet  second  lieutenant  of  Artillery,  on  the  first 
of  July  in  that  year.  He  resigned  from  the  army  in 
1837,  and  he  was  appointed  a  professor  in  the  navy 
on  the  fourth  of  November,  1841.  He  was  ordered 
to  the  Naval  School  in  1845,  and  he  still  holds  in 
the  Academy  the  professorship  of  Field  Artillery  and 
Infantry  Tactics.  It  is  evident  that  he  possesses  a 
decided  taste  for  the  practical  application  of  the  art 
of  war,  as  well  as  undoubted  patriotism,  for  in  1847, 
he  served  with  Commodore  Jones  as  Adjutant  of  the 
land  forces  at  the  taking  of  Monterey,  California,  and 
during  this  unfortunate  rebellion,  he  has  drawn  his 
sword  again  in  the  cause  of  his  country,  and  having 
been  excused  temporarily  from  the  duties  of  his  pro- 
fessorship, he  was  commissioned  by  the  War  Depart- 
ment on  the  eighth  of  August  last,  a  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral of  volunteers.    He  is  now  in  command  in  Acco- 


102  HISTOKY    OF   THE 

mac  and  Nortliampton  counties,  Virginia,  which  form 
a  division  of  the  department  under  Major-General 
Dix,  and  he  has  rendered  efficient  service,  in  dispers- 
ing armed  rebels  and  restoring  those  counties  to  their 
allegiance.  The  United  States  Military  and  Naval 
Academies,  have  both  good  reason  to  be  proud  of  such 
a  representative. 

Professor  John  H.  C.  Coffin  is,  by  commission,  the 
oldest  professor  in  the  navy.  He  has  been  twenty- 
five  years  in  the  service,  of  which  five  j^ears  and  eight 
months  have  been  spent  at  sea.  In  1843  he  was  em- 
ployed with  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Powell,  in 
the  survey  of  Tampa  Bay,  Florida,  and  of  the  coast 
from  Appalachicola  to  the  Mississippi  river.  From 
1845  to  1853,  he  was  on  duty  at  the  National  Obser- 
vatory in  Washington,  and  he  was  then  ordered  to  the 
Naval  Academy.  He  is  a  distinguished  scholar  and 
an  able  professor. 

Professor^  Girault  has  administered  with  ability, 
since  the  first  organization  of  the  school,  the  depart- 
ment of  instruction  in  the  French  language.  This  is, 
by  common  consent,  the  language  de  tout  le  monde^ 
and  if  its  acquirement  is  valuable  to  the  man  of  let- 
ters, it  is  doubly  so  to  the  naval  officer,  who  must 
make  use  of  the  French  as  a  voyager  to  foreign  lands, 
and  as  a  student  of  the  best  works  in  all  the  sciences. 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  103 

Professor  Nourse  lias  given  a  liigli  character  to  the 
department  of  Ethics  and  English  Studies,  and  such 
subjects  and  text-books  as  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States ;  Chancellor  Kent  on  International  Law  ; 
Wayland's  Moral  Science,  and  the  History  of  the 
United  States,  are  evidence  that  this  dej)artment  is 
esteemed  as  by  no  means  of  inferior  importance  in 
forming  the  minds  of  naval  officers. 

The  late  Professor  William  F.  Hopkins  was  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  and  graduated  at  the  West  Point 
Military  Academy  in  1825.  He  was  commissioned  in 
the  Artillery,  he  was  an  assistant  professor  of  Chemis- 
try, Mineralogy  and  Geology  in  the  Military  Acad- 
emy, and  he  resigned  from  the  army  in  1836.  He 
was  afterwards  a  professor  at  Georgetown,  Kentucky, 
Clarksville,  Tennessee,  and  in  William  and  Mary  Col- 
lege, Virginia.  He  resigned  his  professorship  in  the 
Naval  Academy  in  1859,  having  been  appointed*  con- 
sul to  Kingston,  Jamaica,  and  he  died  there  soon  after 
going  out. 

Professor  Winlock  was  in  service  for  some  years  in 
the  Observatory  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  and 
was  the  compiler  of* the  Nautical  Almanac.  Professor 
Smith  was  formerly,  a  distinguished  member  of  the 
faculty  of  Wesleyan  University,  Connecticut. 


104  HISTORY   OF   THE 


CHAPTER    XVII. 

CAPTAIN  CRA YEN.— OFFICERS  AT  PORT  ROYAL.— IMPORT- 
ANCE  OF  NAYAL  AND  MILITARY  SCHOOLS.— OPINION  OF 
WASHINGTON.— WAR  WITH  A  EUROPEAN  POWER. 

Captain  Thomas  T.  Craven,  was  born  in  tlie  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia ;  he  was  appointed  from  the  state 
of  'New  Hampshire.  He  is  the  son  of  Mr.  Tunis 
Craven,  who  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  served 
as  a  naval  storekeeper  for  many  years,  at  the  Ports- 
mouth and  Brooklyn  navy  yards.  Captain  Craven's 
original  entry  into  the  service  was  in  the  year  1822. 
During  a  period  of  three  or  four  years  after  1823,  he 
served  as  a  midshipman  on  board  the  frigate  United 
States,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  1828  he  was  on  leave 
of  absence,  and  he  afterwards  served  again  until  1830, 
as  a  passed  midshipman  on  board  the  Erie  in  the  West 
Indies.  He  was  on  leave  again  for  a  short  period, 
and  he  was  then  on  duty  for  about  three  years  from 
1832,  as  the  fii^st  lieutenant  on  board  the  Boxer,  on  the 
coasts  of  Brazil  and  India.  After  a  short  respite  on 
his  return,  he  was-  ordered  in  the  summer  of  1838  to 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  105 

the  Yincennes,  as  the  lieutenant  commandant,  for  ser- 
vice with  the  Exploring  Expedition,  which  was  com- 
manded by  Captain  Charles  Wilkes  of  the  United 
States  Navy.  The  Vincennes  was  the  flag  ship  of 
the  Squadron.  The  expedition  was  absent  four  years, 
during  which  period  many  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
which  were  before  unknown,  were  visited,  portions  of 
the  western  coast  of  America  were  surveyed,  and 
discoveries  were  made  at  the  far  South,  which  was 
especially  the  field  of  exploration.  Lieutenant  Craven 
w^as  left  at  Valparaiso,  on  the  sixth  of  June,  1839,  to 
take  command  of  the  Sea  Gull,  one  of  the  vessels  of 
the  squadron,  but  it  was  afterwards  ascertained  that 
the  Sea  Gull  had  been  lost  near  Cape  Horn,  about  the 
first  of  May  in  that  year.  By  instructions  received 
from  Captain  Wilkes,  Lieutenant  Craven  awaited  the 
arrival  of  the  Sea  Gull  at  Valparaiso  four  months,  but 
he  did  not  afterwards  attempt  to  follow  the  expedition, 
w^hich  was  regarded  by  Captain  Wilkes  as  ''  impossi- 
ble with  any  chance  of  success,  nor  could  he  devote 
the  time  of  any  officer  to  so  vague  a  prospect  of  ser- 
vice." Lieutenant  Craven  was  instrumental  at  this 
time  in  saving  from  a  watery  grave  the  crew  of  a 
Chilian  vessel,  and  the  honorable  exploit  was  deemed 
worthy  of  commendation  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  who  addressed  to  him  the  following  letter  : 
5* 


106  HISTORY  OF  thp: 

"Navy  Departjment,  December  9thj  1839. 

''  Sir  : 

"  The  Department  has  observed  in  the  newspapers  a 
notice  of  your  gallant  and  successful  efforts  in  rescu- 
ing a  portion  of  the  crew  of  the  Chilian  Sloop-of-war 
Monteguedo,  which,  it  appears,  was  wrecked  in  the 
harbor  of  Valparaiso,  during  the  gale  of  the  24th  and 
25th  of  July  last.  Although  you  have  already  en- 
joyed the  highest  reward  of  your  exertions,  in  the 
success  which  crowned  them,  it  would  not  do  justice 
to  its  own  feelings,  did  it  refrain  from  expressing  to 
you  its  admiration  of  the  fearless  self-devotion  dis- 
played by  you  on  that  occasion,  and  which  is  alike 
honorable  to  yourself,  to  the  service,  and  to  your 
country. 

"  I  am  yours  very  respectfully, 

"  J.  K.  Paulding."-^ 

"  To  Lieutenant  T.  T.  Craven." 

Lieutenant  Craven  joined  afterwards  the  Pacific 
Squadron,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Schooner  Boxer, 
Lieutenant-Commandant  Nicholson,  which  vessel  made 
a  strict  search  for  the  Sea  Gull,  but  the  search  was 
fruitless.  He  served  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  on  board 
the  frigate  Macedonian,  in  1843,  and  after  an  interval 
of  leave  of  absence  and  repose  from  active  duty,  he 

*  Wilkes'  Exploring  Expedition,  vol.  I.,  Appendix. 


NATAL    ACADEMY.  107 

was  ordered  in  1850,  to  the  Kazee  Independence,  tlie 
flag  ship  of  the  Mediterranean  Squadron,  under  Cap- 
tain George  S.  Blake,  the  Fleet  Captain  of  the  Squad- 
ron. From  1851  to  1855,  he  was  the  Commandant  of 
Midshipmen  and  Instructor  of  seamanship,  naval  tac- 
tics and  practical  gunnery  in  the  Naval  Academy. 

During  the  three  years  following  this  period  of  ser- 
vice at  the  Academy  he  commanded  the  frigate  Con- 
gress which  was  the  flag-ship  of  the  Mediterranean 
Squadron,  and  he  served  afterwards,  for  two  years, 
until  1860,  as  the  Commandant  at  the  Academy.  Cap- 
tain Craven  was  then,  for  a  short  period,  waiting  orders, 
until  after  the  unfortunate  issue  of  the  engagement  of 
June  twenty-seventh,  1861,  at  Matthias  Point,  Virginia, 
which  resulted  in  the  death  of  Commander  Ward,  when 
Captain  Craven  was  appointed  to  succeed  him  as  the 
Flag  Ofiicer  of  the  Potomac  flotilla.  He  was  relieved 
from  this  duty  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  and 
was  ordered  to  the  command  of  the  Brooklyn.  Cap- 
tain Craven's  history  is  already  interwoven,  we  have 
seen,  with  that  of  his  country,  and  is  destined  to  form, 
henceforth,  we  must  believe,  a  bright  page  in  the  an- 
nals of  that  country's  glory. 

Commander  J.  F.  Green,  formerly  a  Commandant 
of  Midshipmen  at  the  Academy,  was  in  command  of 
the  sloop  of  war  Jamestown,  in  the  engagement  of  the 


108  HISTORY   OF   THE 

seventli  of  November,  1861,  at  Port  Royal,  S.  C. 
Lieutenant  0.  P.  E.  Rodgers,  who  was  the  Comman- 
dant at  the  Academy  m  i860,  was  in  immediate  com- 
mand of  the  Wabash,  which  was  Captain  Diipont's 
flag-ship,  and  was  foremost  in  the  fight  in  that  action. 
Lieutenant  Wyman  commanded  the  Pawnee,  which 
suffered  severely.  Lieutenants  Upshur,  Luce,  and 
Matthews  were  on  board  the  AVabash,  Lieutenant 
Cushman  was  the  Executive  Officer  of  the  Pembina, 
Lieutenant  A.  E.  K.  Benham  was  on  board  the  Bien- 
ville, Lieutenant  Flusser  was  on  the  eTamestown,  and 
Lieutenant  AVatmough  was  commander  of  the  Curlew, 
and  all  of  them  participated  in  that  glorious  vic- 
tory. These  officers  have  served  in  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy as  instructors,  and  many  of  them  as  pupils, 
and  they  now  render  back  to  their  country  abundant 
fruits  of  scientific  culture  as  a  return  for  her  generous 
bounty. 

Occasionally,  in  former  years,  have  short-sighted 
statesmen,  on  the  score  of  the  expense,  cavilled  at  the 
policy  of  founding  naval  and  military  schools,  and 
perhaps  this  objection  caused  those  numerous  faihires 
in  attempting  to  establish  a  naval  school  which  have 
been  described  in  the  former  part  of  this  history,  but 
when  we  reflect,  in  this  day,  upon  the  wonderful  revo- 
lution which  is  being  w^rought  in  the  art  of  war,  we 


KAVAL   ACADEMY.  109 

shall  appreciate  the  necessity  for  such  institutions  to 
impart  a  scientific  education  to  officers  and  the  danger 
of  neglecting  to  organize  them  upon  the  broadest  and 
most  liberal  basis.  The  fate  of^  engagements,  both  on 
sea  and  land  is  determined,  now,  by  the  calibre,  and 
accurate  adjustment  of  heavy  ordnance,  by  rifled  can- 
non, columbiads,  and  shrapnel,  and  no  longer,  or  sel- 
dom, by  hand  to  hand  encounters.  It  is  a  conflict 
directly  between  science,  on  the  one  side,  strong,  and 
armed  with  the  best  munitions  of  war,  and  a  feebler 
science  on  the  other  side,  and  woe  to  that  nation  who 
fails,  in  the  day  of  peace,  to  prepare  for  the  hour  of 
battle.  Steam,  too,  has  annihilated  space,  and  we  are 
now  face  to  face  as  a  people,  with  the  mighty  arma- 
ments, the  growth  of  centuries,  and  the  well  instructed 
Sieves  of  the  numerous  schools  of  the  old  world. 

When  General  Washington  was  endeavoring  to  pro- 
vide, after  the  revolution,  for  a  military  peace  estab- 
lishment, and  for  the  education  of  officers,  he  declared 
in  his  last  message  to  Congress  that,  "however  pacific 
the  general  policy  of  a  nation  may  be,  it  ought  never 
to  be  without  an  adequate  stock  of  military  knowledge 
for  emergencies.  The  first,  would  impair  the  energy 
of  its  character,  and  both,  would  hazard  its  safety,  or 
expose  it  to  greater  evils,  when  war  could  not  be 
avoided.     Besides,  that  war  might  not  often  depend 


110  HISTORY   OF   THE 

upon  its  own  choice."  Time  lias  fully  tested  the  truth- 
fulness  of  his  remarks,  and  we  must  be  prepared  now 
to  meet  these  great  changes  in  the  art  of  war.  Colonel 
Delafield,  the  Chief  of  the  Crimean  Commission,  al- 
ludes to  these  changes.  ''The  immense  resources 
suddenly  called  into  activity  in  the  contest  with  Kussia 
prove  a  facility  for  equipping  forces  beyond  former 
precedent,  and  to  such  an  extent,  as  should  lead  us  to 
renew  our  study  of  this  problem,  and  induce  the  au- 
thorities of  our  country  to  reflect  well  upon  the  conse- 
quences of  wars  with  nations  that  can  expend  hun- 
dreds of  millions,  and  perfect  immense  naval  and  mili- 
tary armaments  with  such  remarkable  rapidity.  We 
must  admit  the  conclusion  that  a  European  power  can 
suddenly  equip  a  large  army,  transport  it  on  the  ocean 
three  thousand  miles,  and  maintain  it  in  a  hostile  atti- 
tude for  a  year  and  more.""^ 

This  line  of  argument  which  is  applied  by  Colonel 
Delafi>eld  to  the  subject  of  coast  defences  proves,  be- 
yond the  possibility  of  contradiction,  the  immense  im- 
portance of  naval  and  military  schools  to  the  peace 
and  welfare  of  the  nation.  We  must  remember,  too, 
the  eloquent  language  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Bayard,  the 
former  Senator  from  the  State  of  Delaware, — that  our 
naval  cadets  will  be  ''  the  future  commanders  of  a  ser- 

*  Art  of  War  in  Europe,  p.  56. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  Ill 

vice  in  which  they  are  to  bear  with  honor  the  flag  of 
the  nation,  in  peace  and  in  war,  at  home  or  abroad,  on 
the  high  seas  and  in  the  ports  of  foreign  nations,  the 
armed  ambassadors  of  the  country,  who  must  be  able 
to  fight  and  to  negotiate,  and  whose  duties  require  that 
they  should  be  familiar,  not  only  with  naval  tactics  and 
the  whole  circle  of  nautical  science,  but  also  with  the 
principles  of  international  law."^  Naval  commanders, 
in  this  age,  should  possess,  therefore,  as  great  accom- 
plishments as  the  members  of  any  of  the  recognized 
professions. 

*  See  page  17. 


112  HISTOKY   OF   THE 


CHAPTEE   XVIII. 

THE  FIRST  TWO  ASSISTANTS  AT  THE  ACADEMY.— LIEUT. 
SAMUEL  MARCY.— CAPTAIN  JAMES  H.  WARD.— '' FLAG 
OF  THE  SEAS." 

Lieutenant  Samuel  Marcy  and  Captain  James  H. 
Ward  were  the  first  two  assistants  at  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy, and  were  present  at  its  organization  in  1845 ;  the 
former  was  then  a  passed  midshipman,  and  the  latter 
a  lieutenant,— ;/7'a^r^5  amho. 

Lieutenant  Marcy  was  a  native  of  Troy,  ISTew  York, 
and  a  son  of  the  late  Hon.  William  L.  Marcy.  He  en- 
tered the  service  in  1838,  and  he  was  on  duty,  at  sea, 
about  thirteen  vears.  In  18'48  he  was  in  the  Pacific, 
where  he  served  two  or  three  years,  and  after  being  re- 
lieved at  the  Xaval  Academy  in  1856,  he  was,  for  three 
years,  a  lieutenant  on  board  the  frigate  Congress,  the 
flag-ship  of  the  Mediterranean  Squadron.  In  1860, 
he  was  an  assistant  again  at  the  Academy ;  then  in 
service  on  the  Pawnee,  which  was  in  service  before 
Charleston,    at    the    time   of    the    storming   of    Fort 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  113 

Sumter;  and,  finally,  be  was  ordered  to  the  frigate 
Potomac,  which  has  formed  a  part  of  the  blockading 
squadron,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  since  July,  1861. 
In  Xovember,  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  Captain 
Handy,  in  the  command  of  the  Vincennes,  on  duty  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  he  remained 
in  the  efhcient  discharge  of  his  duties,  on  this  station, 
until  the  latter  part  of  the  month  of  January,  1862, 
when  the  mournful  tidinors  was  conveyed  to  his  friends 

O  t/ 

and  the  countrv,  that  a  sad  accident  had  terminated 
his  existence. 

The  circumstances  attending  his  death  are  feelingly 
described  in  the  following  letter,  from  the  Acting 
Gunner  of  the  Yincennes,  which  exhibits  also  the 
high  regard  which  was  entertained  for  Commander 
Marcy,  personally,  by  the  men  under  his  command : 

''UxiTED  States  Ship  YixcExyES,  Jan.  31,  1862. 
"  Capt.  T.  T.  Craven,  cammanding  United  States  Steamer  Brooklyn. 

"  Sir  :  Knowing  your  friendship  for  our  late  lament- 
ed commander.  Lieutenant  Marcy,  and  your  intimacy 
with  him,  I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  acquainting  you 
with  the  particulars  of  the  accident  by  which  he  was 
injured,  and  from  which  he  has  lost  his  life.  An  in- 
telligent gentleman,  a  gallant  officer,  and  thorough 
seaman,  we  deeply  feel  his  loss,  and  know  that  you 
and  officers  of  the  United  States  Xavv,  with  whom  he 


Ill  HISTORY   OF   THE 

has  heretofore  sailed,  will  sympathize  with  us  in  onr 
misfortune.  At  about  four  o'clock  on  Friday  morning 
last,  Jan.  23,  the  look-out  reported  a  light,  which  soon 
proved  to  be  a  vessel  on  fire,  apparently  in  the  South- 
east Pass  of  the  Mississippi  river,  we  then  lying  off 
the  Northeast  Pass.  After  daylight.  Captain  Marcy 
ordered  out  and  armed  the  boats.  I  went  in  the 
launch.  Captain  Marcy  in  the  gig.  We  found  the 
vessel  to  be  a  barkantine,  loaded  with  cotton,  which 
appeared  to  have  grounded  on  the  Southeast  Pass, 
while  attempting  to  run  the  blockade,  and  the  crew, 
not  being  able  to  get  her  off,  had  fired  and  abandoned 
her.  Captain  Marcy  directed  me  to  fire  the  howitzer 
into  her  at  the  water-line,  to  sink  her  and  put  out  the 
fire.  I  had  fired  once,  and  was  ready  for  the  second 
shot,  when  Captain  Marcy  ordered  me  to  wait  until  he 
came  on  board.  He  took  the  lock  and  fired  seven 
times,  on  the  last  of  which  the  bolt,  which  secures  the 
first  pivot  clamp  to  the  stern,  being  insufficiently 
clinched,  pulled  out  as  the  gun  recoiled  on  the  side, 
and  fell,  jamming  the  Captain's  thigh  between  it  and 
the  thwart.  He  was  calm  and  cool,  seemed  aware  he 
was  badly  injured,  and  gave  directions  to  be  taken  on 
board  in  his  gig.  The  leg  was  carefully  set  and 
dressed,  and  he  seemed  to  be  doing  well.  On  Satur- 
day he  was  comfortable,  and  fell  asleep  about  eleven 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  115 

o'clock  that  night,  from  which  sleep  or  stupor  he  was 
never  thoroughly  aroused.  He  was  more  or  less  in- 
sensible, until  about  eleven  o'clock  on  AVednesday 
night,  January  29,  when  he  died.  His  body  will  be 
sent  home  by  the  steamer  Connecticut.  I  am,  sir, 
"  Your  obedient  servant, 

"  William  Wilson, 
"  Acting  Gunner,  United  States  Steamer  Yincennes.'* 

It  is  seen,  from  this  communication,  that  Com- 
mander Marcy  lost  his  life  in  the  service  of  his 
country,  and  though  he  fell,  surrounded  not  by  the 
carnage  of  battle,  and  "  the  pride,  pomp,  and  circum 
stance  of  glorious  war,"  yet  his  death  was  no  less 
honorable  ;  he  was  in  the  path  of  duty. 

His  remains  were  brought  to  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  the  funeral  Services  were  celebrated  in  Calvary 
Church,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hawks,  on  the  twenty-third 
of  February,  before  a  large  assemblage  of  afflicted 
friends.  They  were  conveyed,  afterwards,  to  Albany, 
for  interment. 

We  cannot  estimate  the  loss  of  Commander  Marcy. 
One  of  the  ablest  and  most  accomplished  men  in  the 
navy,  it  is  not  easy  to  fill  the  place  of  such  an  officer. 
To  his  reputation  for  gallantry  and  faithfulness,  Sam- 
uel Marcy  added,  we  are  told,  the  excellencies  of  the 


116  iiisTOKY  OF  Tiii;: 

true  Christian  and  the  refined  gentleman.  We  mourn 
his  deeease,  now,  with  otliers  who  liave  gone  before. 
Ward,  too,  is  departed,  and  of  these  two  assistants, 
wlio  were  first  in  service  at  tlie  opening  of  the  Na- 
val Academy,  it  is  left  for  us  only  to  say,  in  the 
midst  of  our  sorrowing,  they  were  "lovely  and  pleas- 
ant in  their  lives,  and  in  their  death,  they  were  not 
divided." 

Commander  James  II.  Ward,  was  the  first  Com- 
mandant of  IVIidshipmen  at  the  Naval  Academy.     It 
is  true  that  this  title  was  then  unknown,  nevertheless, 
Lieutenant  Ward  discharged  at  that  time  the  duties 
which   pertain   to   the   office   of    Commandant.      lie 
entered  the  service  in  1823.     He  was  born  in  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  in  the  year  1806,  and  was  the  eldest 
eon  of  the  late  Colonel  James  Ward,  a  gentleman  of 
great  respectibility  in  that  city.     Tlie  family  of  Wards 
in  Connecticut,  is  a  very  ancient  and  honorable  one. 
They  are  descended  from  Andrew  Ward,  who  came  to 
New  England  in  company  with  Governor  Winthrop, 
and  became  afterwards  a  distinguished  citizen  of  the 
colony  of  Connecticut.     lie  died  at  Fairfield  in  1659. 
He  was  a  grandson  of  Thomas  Ward,  Lord  of  the 
manor  of  Bacons  in  Qorlston,   Suffolk  count}^,  Eng- 
land.     The   Ward   family    of    England    has   enjoyed 
many  titles.     The  Viscounty  Dudley  and  Ward  be- 


ITAVAL   ACADEMY.  117 

came  extinct  in  1833.  William  Ward  is  now  Baron 
of  Birmingham  county,  Warwick,  the  eleventh  lord 
of  this  succession.'^ 

James  H.  Ward,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  received 
his  earliest  education  at  the  grammar  school  in  Hart- 
ford. He  was  transferred  thence,  to  the  care  of  a 
well-known  West  Point  scholar,  Captain  Alden  Part- 
ridge, whose  military  school  was  successfully  estab- 
lished at  that  time  in  Norwich,  Vermont.  After  en- 
joj^ing  for  a  considerable  period  the  instruction  of 
Captain  Partridge,  young  Ward  received  while  he 
was  a  member  of  the  school,  his  warrant  as  a  midship- 
man in  the  United  States  Xavy.  His  first  service 
was  on  board  the  frigate  Constitution,  for  about  four 
years  in  the  Mediterranean,  under  the  distingiaished 
Commodore  McDonongh.  After  his  return  from  this 
duty,  he  was  on  leave  of  absence  about  a  year,  and  he 
availed  himself  of  this  opportunity  to  complete  his 
education  by  studying  in  the  partial  course  at  Wash- 
ington, now  Trinity  college,  Hartford.  After  his  ex- 
amination in  1829,  he  was  enrolled  as  a  passed  mid- 
shipman, and  in  the  following  year,  having  been  pro- 
moted to  a  lieutenancy,  he  was  ordered  to  the  sloop 
of  war  Concord,  for  service  in.  the  Mediterranean  under 
Master-Commandant  M.  C.  Perr}\     The  Concord  left 

*  Burke's  Peerage. 


118  HISTORY    OF   THE 

Hampton  Eoads  in  the  latter  part  of  June,  1830,  and 
conveyed  to  Russia  on  lier  voyage  out,  the  Hon.  John 
Randolpli,  the  Minister  Plenipotentiary  for  the  United 
States  at  the  Court  of  St.  Petersburg. 

Lieutenant  Ward  served  at  this  time  three  years  in 
the  Mediterranean,  and  after  a  short  leave  of  absence, 
in  the  West  Indies  again  for  three  years  more.  He 
was  afterwards  on  board  the  steamship  Fulton,  and  he 
was  then  on  duty  about  three  years  in  the  Navy  Yard 
at  Washington.  In  1840,  he  was  ordered  to  the  brig 
Dolphin,  for  service  on  the  coast  of  Africa.  The  Hon. 
J.  K.  Paulding,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  reports 
that  the  Dolphin,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant 
Bell,  and  the  schooner  Grampus,  commanded  by  Lieu- 
tenant Paine,  were  employed  on  the  coast  of  Africa, 
in  the  suppression  of  the  slave-trade.  They  returned 
at  the  commencement  of  the  sickly  season,  and  after- 
wards sailed  again  to  the  same  station.  The  traffic  in 
slaves  was  then  carried  on  upon  an  extensive  scale, 
and  principally  under  Portuguese  colors.  Slave  sta- 
tions were  established  on  the  coast  at  different  points, 
under  the  protection  of  the  neigliboring  chiefs,  who 
furnished  the  slaves,  and  received  in  return  goods 
which  were  manufactured  in  England  expressly  for 
this  purpose ;  and  at  these  stations  the  slaves  were 
collected,  until  an  opportunity  offered  for  the  slaver 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  119 

to  approach  the  land  under  cover  of  the  night,  and 
receive  them  on  board. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  reported  that  the  Dol- 
phin and  Grampus  rendered  efficient  service  in  the 
suppression  of  the  traffic,  and  in  the  protection  of 
American  citizens,  who  were  engaged  in  commerce 
on  the  coast.  The  officers  and  crews  suffered  severely, 
however,  from  the  diseases  of  the  climate.  Lieuten- 
ant Ward  was  among  the  number  who  were  prostrated 
by  the  coast  fever,  and  his  life  was  despaired  of,  but 
he  recovered  finally,  and  was  able  to  visit  his  native 
land  again,  and  prolong  still  further  an  honorable 
career  in  the  navy  of  the  United  States. 

Lieutenant  Ward  was  attached  to  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy as  an  Assistant,  at  its  first  organization  by  the 
Hon.  George  Bancroft  in  1845,  an  appointment  wliicli 
was  certainly  honorable  to  himself  and  corroborative 
of  the  opinion  often  expressed,  that  Lieutenant  Ward 
was  one  of  the  best  educated  officers  in  the  service. 
After  leaving  the  Naval  Academy,  in  1847,  he  served 
on  board  the  frigate  Cumberland,  and  afterwards, 
commanded  the  steamer  Yixen  of  the  Home  Squad- 
ron. He  was  then  on  shore  a  few  years,  until  1855, 
when  he  assumed  command  of  the  sloop  Jamestown, 
which  was  then  the  flag-ship  of  the  African  Squadron. 
He  remained  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  at   this  time. 


120  HISTORY   OF  TfilJ 

about  three  years,  during  which  period  he  assisted 
in  capturing  several  slavers,  and  proved  himself  an 
efficient  commander* 

On  his  return  to  the  United  States,  after  enjoying  a 
period  of  repose  from  active  duty,  he  assumed  com- 
mand, in  1858,  of  the  North  Carolina,  the  receiving 
ship  at  the  Navy  Yard  in  Brooklyn,  and  he  continued 
in  this  command,  until  open  hostilities  were  threatened 
by  the  states  which  were  in  rebellion  against  the  gov- 
ernment established  by  Washington,  Hamilton,  Madi- 
son and  Franklin,  and  then  Commander  Ward  was 
among  tlie  first  to  offer  himself  for  service  in  defence 
of  the  Constitution  and  tlie  Union.  He  had  Ions;  been 
fond  of  experimenting  with  heavy  ordnance,  he  was 
a  ripe  scholar  in  naval  science,  and  had  studied  the 
latest  theories  and  inventions  in  the  art  of  war.  He 
was  on  terms  of  friendlv  intercourse  with  the  dis- 
tinguished  Sir  Howard  Douglas,  of  the  British  Navy, 
and  he  corresponded  with  him  often  upon  toJ)ics  in 
which  both  were  deeply  interested. 

Commander  Ward  was  also  an  author  of  considera- 
ble distinction.  He  has  published  the  well  known 
works.  Steam  for  the  Million,  a  popular  treatise  on 
steam  and  its  applications  to  the  useful  arts,  especially 
to  navigation, — a  Manual  of  Naval  Tactics,  containing 
also  an  analysis  of  modern  naval  battles,  and  an  ele- 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  121 

mentary  work  upon  Naval  Ordnance  and  Gunnery. 
His  analysis  of  naval  battles  has  been  pronounced 
masterly,  by  officers  of  the  British  Navy.  As  soon 
as  acts  of  violence  were  perpetrated  by  the  seceding 
states,  Captain  Ward  addressed  a  letter  to  Mr.  Toucey, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  proposing  a  plan  for  the 
defence  of  the  Potomac,  and  asked  that  he  might  be 
permitted  to  organize  and  command  a  flotilla  for  this 
service.  He  was  summoned  soon  afterwards  to  Wash- 
ington, for  consultation  with  Mr.  Toucey  and  General 
Scott,  with  reference  to  provisioning  Fort  Sumter. 
He  presented  his  plan  for  accomplishing  this  object, 
and  it  was  received  with  such  favor,  that  General  Scott 
gave  his  promise  that  his  plan  should  be  adopted  if 
any  attempt  were  made  to  provision  the  fort. 

The  Hon.  Gideon  Welles,  who  is  now  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  decided  to  summon  Commander  Ward  for 
service  in  defence  of  the  Potomac,  and  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  latter,  early  in  May,  the  Thomas 
Freeborn  and  three  other  propellers  of  light  draught 
were  purchased  and  fitted  out  as  gunboats.  The  flo- 
tilla sailed  from  the  Navy  Yard  in  Brooklyn,  on  the 
sixteenth  of  May,  1861,  and  its  departure  called  forth 
hearty  cheers  from  the  men  who  had  served  under 
Commander  Ward  on  board  the  North  Carolina,  and 
from  the  officers  of  the  yard  and  others  assembled  on 
6 


122  HISTORY   OF  THE 

tlie  wharf.  His  first  action,  on  arriving  in  the  Chesa- 
peake, was  the  silencing  of  the  rebel  battery  at  Sew- 
all's  Point,  on  the  eighteenth  of  May,  and  two  prizes 
were  captured  on  his  way  up  the  river.  The  zeal  and 
energy  displayed  by  Commander  Ward  on  the  Poto- 
mac, have  been  universally  acknowledged,  and  it  is 
said  that  the  plans  for  the  defence  of  the  river  which 
were  submitted  by  him  to  the  Navy  Department, 
exliibited  marked  ability.  "  Great  service  has  been 
rendered,"  writes  Mr.  Secretary  Welles,  "by  this  armed 
force,  which  has  been  vigilant  in  intercepting  supplies, 
and  in  protecting  transports  and  vessels  in  their  pas- 
sage up  and  down  the  Potomac." 

It  was  urged  upon  the  government  at  this  time,  by 
Commander  Ward,  that  military  forces  shcuild  be  detail- 
ed for  the  construction  of  batteries  at  prominent  points 
on  the  river,  and  had  this  suggestion  been  adopted,  it 
is  claimed  by  his  friends  now,  that  the  navigation  of 
the  Potomac  would  have  remained  unobstructed.  The 
skill  and  vigilance  of  Captain  Ward  prevented  the  com- 
pletion of  fortifications  by  the  rebels  at  Acquia  Creek, 
and  at  other  places  on  the  river,  and  finally  he  deter- 
mined upon  the  construction  himself  of  a  battery  on 
Matthias  Point,  at  which  the  river  is  narrow,  and  a  bat- 
tery if  completed  there  and  properly  furnished  with 
guns,  would  control  the  navigation  of  the  Potomac. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  123 

Accordingly,  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  June,  he 
landed  in  boats  a  party  of  twenty-five  men,  who  were 
provided  with  shovels  and  other  implements  for  the 
work.  Pickets  were  immediately  tlirown  out,  who  re- 
mained undisturbed  until  late  in  the  afternoon,  when 
the  party  was  ordered  to  return  to  the  Freeborn.  At 
this  time  they  were  fired  upon  from  the  tliickets,  on 
the  right  and  left  of  the  work  upon  which  they  had 
been  engaged.  Thej  retreated  hastily  to  the  boats, 
but  kept  up  a  fire  in  return  for  the  space  of  half  an 
hour.  A  seaman  named  Williams,  held  the  United 
States  flag,  and  became  therefore,  a  target  for  the 
enemy.  He  received  a  bad  flesh  wound  in  the  thigh. 
The  rebel  troops  were  commanded,  it  is  understood, 
by  Major  Mears,  a  son-in-law  of  Captain  Buchanan. 
They  numbered  about  five  or  six  hundred.  The  men 
in  retreating  attempted  to  gain  the  boats,  but  did  not 
all  succeed,  and  many,  endeavoring  to  swim,  were 
drowned.  A  fire  was  opened  immediately  from  the 
bow  gun  of  the  Freeborn  to  cover  the  retreat,  but  the 
gunner  was  soon  wounded  in  the  thigh  with  a  musket 
ball,  when  Captain  Ward  himself,  advanced  and  took 
charge  of  the  piece.  He  was  in  the  act  of  aiming, 
when  a  shot  from  the  rebels  struck  him  in  the  abdo- 
men. The  wound  proved  fatal ;  he  died  in  about  one 
hour  afterwards.     The  firing  was  continued,  however, 


124  HISTORY    OF   THE 

on  board  the  Freeborn,  and  tlie  rebels  were  dispersed. 
It  is  supposed  that  their  loss  was  severe.  About 
thirty  shells  fell  into  their  camp,  burned  and  destroyed 
their  stores,  and  compelled  an  abandonment  of  the 
ground. 

A  universal  gloom  hung  over  the  country  on  the 
reception  of  the  news  of  the  death  of  tliis  brave  and 
accomplished  commander.  His  noble  conduct  in  vol- 
unteering for  service  on  the  Potomac,  as  well  as  his 
previous  career,  had  endeared  him-  to  a  large  circle 
of  friends  in  the  Capital  of  the  nation,  at  the  Naval 
Academy,  in  New  York  and  in  Hartford,  and  high 
hopes  were  entertained  for  him.  These  fond  hopes 
and  anticipations  were  now  silenced  by  the  pale  visi- 
tant. Death.  His  friends  remark  that  they  might  have 
expected  such  a  result,  for  where  the  post  of  danger 
was,  there  Ward  would  surely  be  found.  Noble  ex- 
ample !  This  was  the  spirit  of  the  heroes  of  1812. 
It  is  said  that  it  was  a  maxim  among  the  officers  in 
that  war,  never  to  send  men  where  they  dared  not  go 
themselves. 

The  body  of  Captain  Ward  arrived  in  New  York  on 
Sunday,  the  thirtieth  of  June,  and  was  conveyed  to 
the  North  Carolina  at  the  Navy  Yard  in  Brooklyn. 
Here  it  lay  in  state  and  w^as  visited  by  large  numbers 
of  citizens.     The  remains  were  transferred  on  Monday 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  125 

to  the  steamboat  Granite  State,  and  the  following  was 
the  order  of  the  funeral  procession : 

Marine  Escort,  Band,  Dr,  Abernethy,  U.  S.  K^. ; 
Commander  Meade,  Commander  Gansevoort,  Com- 
mander Foote,  Captain  Ringgold,  Commander  Hull, 
pall-bearers ;  Family,  Captain  Ward's  Crew,  including 
sailors  and  marines  ;  Commander  Meade's  Gig's  Crew, 
Korth  Carolina's  Shij^'s  Company,  Volunteer  Company, 
Revenue  Officers,  Naval  officers. 

Among  the  naval  officers  in  the  procession  were 
Commodore  Breese,  Commandant  of  the  yard,  Lieuten- 
ants Almy,  Woolsey,  Henry,  the  officers  of  the  yard 
and  of  the  ships  lying  there.  Naval  Constructor  Delano, 
the  Paymasters  and  clerks  of  the  post.*^ 

Captain  Ringgold,  United  States  Navy,  Lieutenant 
Huntington,  with  the  marines,  and  Captain  Ward's 
Gig's  Crew,  went  on  the  boat  with  the  corpse  to  Hart- 
ford. 

When  the  steamer  reached  that  city,  the  body  was 
conveyed  under  the  escort  to  St.  Patrick's  Cathe- 
dral, and  High  Mass  was  solemnized,  after  wdiich 
ceremony  the  remains  were  removed  to  the  Capitol  and 
lay  in  state  in  the  Court  Room  until  four  o'clock.  His 
Bword,  uniform  and  flag  were  placed  upon  the  coffin, 

*  The  author  would  acknowledge  his  indebtedness  to  Mr.  Ripley,  of 
the  Evening  Post,  foi*  this  description  of  the  funeral  procession.. 


126  HISTORY   OF   THE 

banners  and  signals  of  grief  luing  in  festoons  about 
the  room,  and  weeping  friends  gathered  in  crowds 
around  the  beloved  dead.  A  numerous  procession  of 
soldiery  and  citizens  bore  him  away  to  his  last  resting 
place.  The  tolling  bells,  the  muHled  drum,  the  funereal 
mnsic,  the  flags  furled  in  mourning,  the  slow  march, 
all  gave  solemnity  to  the  scene.  The  burial  service, 
according  to  the  rites  of  the  Church  of  England,  was 
pronounced,  the  Guard  fired  three  volleys  over  him, — 
so  sleeps  the  hero !  So  departs  a  noble  spirit,  chiv- 
alrous to  the  last. 

He  met  death  in  the  discharge  of  duty.  His  zeal  in 
behalf  of  the  flag  of  the  Union  knew  no  bounds.  He 
had  been  sheltered  beneath  that  flag  on  many  a  sea,  he 
had  seen  it  honored  in  all  lands,  and  he  was  its  sworn 
defender,  with  his  life,  against  every  foe.  "We  tell 
his  doom  without  a  sigh, — he  is  Freedom's  now  and 
Fame's."  He  rests  with  the  great  and  the  brave  of  all 
lands, — soldiers,  and  martyrs  and  heroes  of  old.  So 
dies  the  naval  commander,  in  defence  of  the  flag  of  his 
country  ! 

"Flag  of  the  seas!  on  ocean's  wave, 

Thy  stars  shall  glitter  o'er  the  brave ; 

When  death,  careering  on  the  gale, 

Sweeps  darkly  round  the  bellied  sail, 

And  frighted  waves  rush  wildly  back, 

Before  the  broadside's  reeling  rack, 


NAVAL    ACADEMY.  127 

Each  dying  wanderer  of  the  sea 
Shall  look  at  once  to  heaven  and  thee, 
Ajid  smile  to  see  thy  splendors  fly 
In  triumph  o'er  his  closing  eye  ! 

Flag  of  the  free  heart's  hope  and  home, 
By  angel  hands  to  valor  g^ven, 

Thy  stars  have  lit  the  welkin  dome, 
And  all  thy  hues  were  bom  in  heaven  I 

Forever  float  that  standard  sheet, — 
Where  breathes  the  foe  but  falls  before  ub. 

With  Freedom's  soil  beneath  our  feet. 
And  Freedom's  banner  streaming  o'er  usl" 


APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX. 


I. 

THE  APPOINTMENT   OF   CANDIDATES,  AND   THEIR  QUALI- 
FICATIONS. 

(This  is  a  copy  of  a  paper  which  is  sent  out  oflEicially  by  the  Superintendent  of  the 

Naval  Academy.) 

Application,  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  can  be 
made  at  any  time,  by  the  candidate  himself,  or  by  his  parent, 
guardian,  or  any  of  his  friends,  and  his  name  will  be  placed  on 
the  register.  The  registry  of  a  name,  however,  does  not  give 
any  assurance  of  an  appointment.  No  preference  will  be  given 
on  account  of  priority  of  application.  No  application  will  be 
considered  where  the  candidate  is  under  or  above  the  prescribed 
age ;  where  the  precise  age,  and  actual  and  fixed  residence,  are 
not  stated  ;  and  where  the  applicant  is  not  a  resident  of  the  Con- 
gressional district  of  the  State  from  which  he  applies. 

The  law  limits  the  number  of  Midshipmen  to  four  hundred  and 
sixty-four,  and  requires  that  this  number  shall  be  divided  among 
the  several  States  and  Territories,  with  reference  and  in  propor- 
tion, as  near  as  may  be,  to  their  number  of  representatives  and 
delegates  to  Congress ;  that  appointments  shall  be  made  from 
those  States  and  Territories  which  have  not  their  relative  pro- 
portions on  the  Navy  list ;  and  that  the  individual  selected  for 
appointment  shall  be,  in  all  cases,  an  actual  resident  of  the  State 
and  Territory  from  which  the  appointment  purports  to  be  made. 
It  is  further  required  by  law  that  appointments  from  each  State 
shall  be  apportioned,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  equally  among  tha 


132  HISTORY    OF   THE 

several  Congressional  districts  therein,  and  that  the  person  so  ap- 
pointed shall  be  an  actual  resident  of  the  Congressional  district 
of  the  State  from  which  appointed,  and  be  recommended  by  the 
member  of  Congress  representing  the  district  in  which  he  resides. 

The  selection  of  candidates  is  made  annually  on  or  before  the 
1st  of  June,  and  candidates  who  receive  permission,  will  present 
themselves  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  N'aval  Academy,  between 
the  20th  and  30th  of  September.  No  candidate  will  be  received 
into  the  Academy  at  any  other  time.  Upon  reporting  to  the 
Superintendent,  candidates  will  be  examined  by  a  Board  of  Med- 
ical Officers,  and  by  the  Academic  Board  of  the  Academy,  as  to 
their  qualifications  for  admission  into  the  Academy. 

JSTo  candidate  will  be  admitted  into  the  Kaval  Academy,  unless 
at  the  time  of  examination  he  is  found  qualified,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Medical  Board,  to  discharge  the  arduous  duties  of  an  officer 
of  the  Navy,  and  shall  have  passed  a  satisfactory  examination  be- 
fore  the  Academic  Board. 

If  both  these  examinations  result  favorably,  the  candidate  will 
receive  an  acting  appointment  as  a  Midshipman,  become  an  in- 
mate of  the  Academy,  and  be  allowed  his  actual  and  necessary 
travelling  expenses  from  his  residence  to  the  Naval  Academy.  If, 
on  the  contrary,  he  shall  not  pass  both  these  examinations,  he  will 
receive  neither  an  acting  appointment  nor  his  travelling  expenses. 

A  candidate  who  has  once  presented  himself  for  examination,  un- 
der the  permission  of  the  Department,  and  has  been  rejected,  can- 
not be  allowed  to  present  himself  for  examination  the  second  time. 

No  one  can  receive  a  warrant  as  a  Midshipman  in  the  Navy, 
unless  he  be  a  graduate  of  the  Naval  Academy. 

(Note  by  the  author. — It  is  especially  important  to  secure  a 
nomination  for  a  vacancy  at  the  Naval  Academy,  from  the  Con- 
gressman of  tlie  district  in  which  the  applicant  resides.     An  Act- 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  13 


o 


ing  Midshipman  is  not  expected  or  permitted  to  receive  pecuni- 
ary support  or  assistance  from  his  parents  or  friends.  He  is 
maintained  wholly  at  the  expense  of  the  government.  His  pay 
is  $500  per  .annum,  of  which  $100  is  reserved  until  he  leaves  the 
Academy,  and  constitutes  an  ample  fund  for  his  equipment  for 
active  service.) 

Qualifications. — Candidates  must  be  over  fourteen  and  under 
eighteen  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  examination  for  admission ; 
must  be*  free  from  deformity  and  disease  and  imperfections  of  the 
senses.  They  must  be  of  good  moral  character,  able  to  read  and 
write  well, — writing  from  dictation,  and  spelling  with  correct- 
ness,— and  to  perform  with  accuracy  the  various  operations  of  the 
primary  rules  of  arithmetic;  viz.,  numeration,  and  the  addition, 
multiplication,  and  division  of  whole  numbers. 

Any  one  of  the  following  conditions  will  be  suflBcient  to  reject 
a  candidate ;  viz.  : 

1.  Feeble  constitution  and  muscular  tenuity;  unsound  health, 
from  whatever  cause;  indications  of  former  disease;  glandular 
swellings,  or  other  symptoms  of  scrofula. 

2.  Chronic  cutaneous  affections,  especially  of  the  scalp,  or  any 
disorder  of  an  infectious  character. 

3.  Severe  injuries  of  the  bones  of  the  head  ;  convulsions. 

4.  Impaired  vision,  from  whatever  cause ;  inflammatory  affec- 
tions of  the  eye-lids ;  immobility,  or  irregularity  of  the  iris ; 
fistula  lachrymalis,  etc.,  etc. 

5.  Deafness  ;  copious  discharge  from  the  ears. 

6.  Loss  of  many  teeth,  or  the  teeth  generally  unsound. 

7.  Impediment  of  speech. 

8.  Want  of  due  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  any  other  indication 
of  a  liability  to  a  pulmonic  disease. 

9.  Impaired  or  inadequate  efficiency  of  one  or  both  of  the 


134 


HISTORY    OF   THE 


superior  extremities  on  account  of  fractures,  especially  of  the 
clavicle,  contraction  of  a  joint,  extenuation,  deformity,  etc.,  etc. 

10.  An  unnatural  excurvature  or  incurvature  of  the  spine. 

11.  Hernia. 

12.  A  varicose  state  of  the  veins  of  the  scrotum  and  spermatic 
cord  (when  large),  sarcocele,  hydrocele,  hemorrhoids,  fistulas. 

13.  Impaired  or  inadequate  efficiency  of  one  or  both  of  the 
inferior  extremities  on  account  of  varicose  veins,  fractures,  mal- 
formation (flat  feet,  etc.),  lameness,  contraction,  unequal  length, 
bunyons,  overlying  or  supernumerary  toes,  etc.,  etc. 

14.  Ulcers,  or  unsound  cicatrices  of  ulcers  likely  to  break  out 
afresh. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  REGULATIONS  OF  THE  ACADEMY. 

Art.  10.  When  candidates  shall  have  passed  the  required  ex- 
aminations, and  have  been  admitted  as  members  of  the  Acad- 
emy, they  must  immediately  furnish  themselves  with  the  follow- 
ing articles ;  viz. : 


Two  N'avy-blue  cloth   uniform 

suits. 
Six  white  shirts. 
Six  pairs  of  socks. 
Four  pairs  of  drawers. 
Six  pocket  handkerchiefs. 
One  black-silk  handkerchief,  or 

stock. 
One  mattress. 
One  pillow. 
One  pair  of  blankets. 


Two  pairs  of  sheets. 

Four  pillow-oases. 

Six  towels. 

Two  pairs  of  shoes  or  boots. 

One  hair-brush. 

One  tooth-brush. 

One  clothes-brush. 

One  coarse  comb  for  the  hair. 

One  fine  comb  for  the  hair. 

One  tumbler,  or  mug ;  and 

One  thread  and  needle  case. 


One  bed-cover,  or  spread. 
Room-mates  will  jointly  procure  for  their  common  use,  one 


NAVAL   ACADEMY.  135 

looking-glass,  one  wash-basin,  one  water-pail,  one  slop-bucket 
and  one  broom.  These  articles  may  be  obtained  from  the  Store- 
keeper of  the  Academy,  of  good  quality,  and  at  fair  prices. 

Aet.  11.  Each  Acting  Midshipman  must,  on  admission,  de- 
posit with  the  Paymaster  the  sum  of  fifty  dollars ;  for  which  he 
will  be  credited  on  the  books  of  that  officer,  to  be  expended, 
by  direction  of  the  Superintendent,  for  the  purchase  of  text- 
books, and  other  authorized  articles. 


II. 
PROGRAMME  OF  STUDIES  DURINa  THE   ACADEMIC  YEAR. 

FIRST    CLASS FOURTH    YEAR. 

Department  of  Practical  Seamanship^  Naval  Gunnery  and  2>Fa- 
val  Tactics. — Seamanship,  ISTaval  Tactics.  Naval  Gunnery ;  Simp- 
son's Ordnance  and  Gunnery.  Simpson's  Translation  of  Page's 
Theory  of  Pointing.     Dahlgren's  Boat  Howitzer. 

Department  of  Astronomy^  Navigation  and  Surveying, — Theory 
of  Navigation.     Practical  Astronomy.     Marine  Surveying. 

Department  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Philosophy, — Lard- 
ner  on  Heat.  Wells'  Chemistry.  Main  &  Brown  on  the  Steam 
Engine. 

Department  of  Ethics  and  English  Studies, — Constitution  U. 
S. ;  Kent  on  International  Law,  vol.  I. 

Department  of  Spanish. — Ollendorff. 

SECOND   CLASS — THIRD   TEAR. 

Department  of  Practical  Seamanship.,  Naval  Gunnery^  and 
Naval  Tactics, — Seamanship.     Simpson's  Naval  Gunnery. 

Department  of  Mathematics, — Smyth's  Analytical  Geometry* 
Smyth's  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus. 


136  HISTORY    OF   TUE 

Department  of  Aatronomy ^  Katigation  and  Surveying. — Davies' 
Surveying.     Ilerschers  Astronomy.     Bowditch's  Navigation. 

Department  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Fhilo802yhy. — Lard- 
ner's  Optics,  Acoustics,  J^ectricity,  and  Magnetism.  Smith's 
Mechanics. 

Department  of  Field  Artillery  and  Infantry  Tactics. — Hardee's 
Light  Infantry  Drill.     Instruction  in  Field  Artillery.     . 

Department  of  Ethics  and  English  Studies, — Wayland's  Moral 
Science, 

Department  of  French. — Girault's  French  Student's  Manual. 
Dumas'  Vie  de  Napoleon.     Manesca's  Reader. 

THIRD    CLASS SECOND    YEAR. 

Department  of  Practical  Seamanship^  Na^cal  Gunnery^  and 
N'aval  Tactics. — Seamanship. 

Department  of  Mathematics. — Davies'  Legendre's  Geometry. 
Chauvenet's  Trigonometry.     Davies'  Mensuration. 

Department  of  Ethics  and  English  Studies, — Eliot's  History 
U.  S.     Quackenbos'  Ehetoric.     Composition. 

Department  of  French, — Girault's  French  Student's  Manual. 
Girault's  Vie  de  Washington. 

Department  of  Drawing  and  Draughting, — Line  Drawing. 

FOURTH   CLASS — FIRST   YEAR. 

Department  of  Mathematics, — Greenleaf  s  Arithmetic.  Davies' 
Algebra.     Davies'  Legendre's  Geometry. 

Department  of  Ethics  and  English  Studies, — Bullions'  English 
Grammar.  Corneirs  Geography.  Worcester's  and  Lord's  History. 
Composition. 

Department  of  Drawing  and  Draughting. — Sketching. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


137 


III. 


MERIT-ROLLS. 
(From  tho  Eegulations.) 

The  relative  weight,  or  the  maximum  numbers  which  are  to  be 
assigned  to  each  of  the  "  principal  branches"  of  study,  and  to 
conduct  in  each  of  the  several  classes,  in  forming  the  merit-rolls, 
will  be  as  follows,  viz. : 


Departments. 


Seamanship,  gun- 
nery, and  naval 
tactics. 


Mathematics , 


Astronomy,  navi- 
gation, and  sur- 
veying. 

Natural  and  Expe- 
rimental philoso- 
phy. 

Field  artillery  and 
infantry  tactics. 


Ethics  and  English 
studies. 


French  language. 
Spanish  language. . 

Drawing 

Conduct 

Aggregate.... 


Principal  branches. 


Seamanship ....... 

Naral  tactics ...... 

Practical    gunnery 
boat  armament. . 


and 


Mathematics . 


r  General  astronomy 

J  Practical  astronomy, 
j  navigation^  and  sur- 
(.     veying 


(  Mechanics 

"<  Physics 

I  Steam  engine. 


(  Theory  of  gunnery. 

-|  Field  artillery 

(  Infantry  tactics. . . . 


in- 


'  Moral  science  and 

ternational  law 

J  Grammar  and  rhetoric 

]  Geography 

History  and    composi 
tion 


French. . . 
Spanish. . 
Drawing. 


2.5 


5 


Ph 


20 


10 
15 

10 


15 
5 


o 

u 

02 


30 


10 
30 


25 
15 


Si 


15 
50 
30 


60 


20 
25 


15 


45 
25 


30 


u 
o 

♦J  '^ 

u 

o 


50    100 
30 


25 


80 


25 
35 

40 


30 


35 
'56' 


o 


150 
80 

40 

100 

80 

80 

60 
25 
85 

40 
20 
25 


30 
25 
15 

20 

75 

60 

40 

100 


1,000 


eS 


?  02 

09    6 


220 


100 


110 


120 


85 


90 


75 

60 

40 

100 


1,000 


At  every  June  examination,  the  Academic  Board  shall  form  a 
"general  merit-roll"  for  each  class,  in  the  following  manner,  viz. : 


133  HISTORY    OF   THE 

of  those  members  of  each  class  who  shall  have  passed  a  satisfac- 
tory examination,  the  individual  having  the  highest  standing  in 
any  principal  branch  for  that  year  shall  receive  the  maximum 
number  assigned  to  it  for  that  class  and  year  in  the  table  of 
weights  of  this  chapter,  and  the  one  having  the  lowest  standing 
shall  receive  the  minimum  number,  which,  in  every  case,  shall  be 
one-third  of  the  maximum  for  the  same  branch  and  class.  The 
members  of  the  class  having  intermediate  standings  shall  receive 
numbers  proceeding  by  equal  differences  from  the  maximum  to 
the  minimum,  in  the  order  of  their  relative  merit,  as  fixed  by 
their  '■'  class  merit-rolls."  Of  those  who  have  not  two  hundred 
demerits  recorded  against  them,  such  as  have  no  demerits  shall 
receive  the  maximum  number  allowed  for  that  class  and  year,  and 
the  others  shall  have  that  maximum  diminished  by  one  three-hun- 
dredth part  of  it  for  every  demerit  recorded  against  them.  All 
the  numbers  which  shall  be  thus  assigned  to  the  several  members 
for  the  several  branches  of  study,  and  for  conduct,  shall  then  be 
added  together,  and  the  names  of  the  members  shall  be  arranged 
in  each  class  according  to  the  aggregates  thus  obtained,  the  high- 
est number  being  placed  first  on  the  list,  and  the  others  in  their 
order.  Only  those  who  shall  have  passed  in  all  the  principal 
branches  of  their  classes,  and  have  not  exceeding  two  hundred 
demerits  recorded  against  them,  are  to  be  included  in  the  ^'  gen- 
eral merit-roll," 

At  the  June  examination,  the  Academic  Board  shall  also  form 
the  *' graduating  merit-rolls"  for  the  graduating  class,  by  adding 
the  aggregate  numbers  which  each  member  of  the  class  shall 
have  received  on  the  several  "general  merit-rolls"  for  June 
during  the  four  years,  and  arranging  the  order  of  the  members 
according  to  the  aggregates,  placing  the  highest  first. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


139 


IV. 

OFFICERS  AND  PROFESSORS   OF  THE  ACADEMY  FROM  1845 

TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME. 


Superintenden  ta, 

Com'r  Franklin  Buchanan,  1845 

to  1847, 
Com'r  Geo.  P.  Upshur,  1847-50, 
ComV  C.  K.  Stribling,  1850-3, 
Com'r    L.     M.     Goldsborough, 

1853-7, 
Capt.  Geo.  S.  Blake,  1857-62. 

Commandants  of  Midshipmen, 

Lieut.  Jas.  H.  Ward,  1845-8, 
Lieut.  S.  S.  Lee,  1848-51, 
Lieut.  T.  T.  Craven,  1851-5, 
Com'r  J.  F.  Green,  1855-8, 
Com'r  T.  T.  Craven,  1858-60, 
Lieut.  C.  Pw.  P.  Pwodgers,  1860, 
Lieut.  G.  AV.  Pwodgers,  1861-2. 

Professors  of  Mathematics. 

William  Chauvenet,  1845-53, 
J.  H.  C.  Coffin,  1853-9, 
Joseph  Winlock,  1859-60. 

Professors  of  Astronomy  and 
Navigation, 

William  Chauvenet,  1853-9, 
J.  H.  C.  Coffin,  1859-62. 

Professors  of  Natural  and  Ex- 
perimental Philosophy, 

Henrv  H.  Lock  wood,  1845-51, 
W.  Y.  Hopkins,  1851^9, 
A.  W.  Smith,  1859-62. 


Professor  of  Field  Artillery  and 
Infantry  Tactics. 

Henry  H.  Lockwood,  1851-62. 

Professor  of  Ethics  and  English 
Studies, 

J.  E.  ISTourse,  1851-62. 

Professor  of  French. 

A.  ^,  Girault,  1845-62. 

Professor  of  Spanish, 
E.  A.  Roget,  1852-62. 

Professor  of  Drawing, 
E.  Seager,  1851-62. 

Teachers  of  the  Art  of  Defence, 

E.  Seager,  1851-9, 
A.  Coppa,  1859-60. 

Lieutenants^  &c.^  acting  as  As- 
sistants, 

S.  Marcv,  1846,  1851-5,  1858-9, 

W.  N.  Jeffers,  Jr.,  1849, 

S.  P.  Carter,  1851-3,  1858-9, 

W.  P.  Buckner,  1851-6, 1859-60, 

J.  Armstrong,  1851-4, 

A.  M.  DeBree,  1851, 

J.  V.  N.  Blake,  1851-7, 

E.  Simpson,  1853-5,  1859-62, 


140 


HISTORY   OF  THE 


W.  K.  Mayo,  1855-7,  1859, 

R.  W.  Scott,  1855-7,  1859-60, 

J.  T.  Wood,  1855-8,  1860, 

W.  H.  Willcox,  1855-7, 

S.  R.  Franklin,  1856, 

J.  Watters,  1857, 

C.  W.  Flusser,  1857-9, 

C.  H.  Cushman,  1857-9, 

J.  K  Miller,  1857-8,  1860, 

J.  I.  Waddell,  1858, 

R.  H.  Wyman,  1859, 

J.  H.  Upshur,  1859-60, 

H.  Davidson,  1859-60, 

W.  McGunnegle,  1859, 

J.  G.  Walker,  1859, 

F.  E.  Shepperd,  1859, 

G.  W.  Rodgers,  1860, 
S.  B.  Luce,  1860, 

B.  B.  Taylor,  1860, 

E.  O.  Mathews,  1860-2, 
E.  P.  Lull,  1860-2, 
J.  D.  Marvin,  1861-2, 

C.  L.  Huntington,  1861-2, 
E.  P.  Brower,  1861-2. 

Assistant  Professors^ 

A.  H.  Barber,  1856, 
T.  Karney,  1856-62, 
L.  I.  Dovilliers,  1856-62, 
W.  R.  Hopkins,  1857-62, 
W.  H.  Willcox,  1857-62, 
W.  Harwood,  1857-60, 
M.  H.  Beecher,  1859-62, 
T.  G.  Forde,  1861-2, 
A.  L.  Smith,  1861-2. 

Surgeons  and  Assistants, 
J.  A.  Lockwood,  1845-50, 


D.  S.  Green,  1850-3, 
K  Pinkney,  1853-5, 
S.  Sharp,  1855-9, 
W.  Grier,  1859-60, 
J.  C.  Palmer,  1860-2, 
J.  Y.  Taylor,  1858, 
J.  McMaster,  1859, 
O.  S.  Inglehart,  1860. 

Chaplains. 

George  Jones,  1845-53, 
T.  B.  Bartow,  1853-9, 
George  Jones,  1859-60, 
D.  X.  Junkin,  1861-2. 

There  are  also  attached  to  the 
Academy,  1861-2, 

Paymaster. 
H.  M.  HieskiU. 

Secretary, 
R.  M.  Chase. 

Superintendents  Clerk, 
O.  D.  Robb. 

Paymaster's  Clerk,  ^ 
J.  H.  Havens. 

Assistant  Librarian, 
J  A.  Davenport. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


141 


V. 

GRADUATES   WHO    WERE    NOT    IN    THE    FOUR   YEARS' 

COURSE. 

(Any  inaccuracies  which  may  be  discovered  in  this  list  will  be  cheerfully  corrected  in 

later  editions.) 


C.  VV.  Aby, 

1846 

L.  A.  Beardslee, 

1856 

R.  Aulick, 

u 

W.  L.  Bradford, 

(4 

VV.  D.  Austin, 

u 

E.  Boyd,  Jr., 

(( 

J.  Armstrong, 

1847 

C.  A.  Babcock, 

(( 

A.  Allmand, 

1849 

George  Bacon, 

U 

E.  T.  Andrews, 

u 

S.  P.  Carter, 

1846 

T.  Abbot, 

1854 

T.  S.  Conover, 

a 

H.  A.  Adams,  Jr., 

1855 

G.  Cilley, 

1848 

Aeneas  Armstrong, 

1856 

D.  Coleman, 

(C 

J.  M.  Bradford, 

1846 

J.  J.  Cook, 

(( 

J.  W.  Bennet, 

u 

F.  G.  Clarke, 

u 

H.  C.  Blake, 

(( 

H.  N.  Crabb, 

1849 

F.  B.  Brand, 

« 

W.  0.  Crain, 

u 

E.  Brinlev,  Jr., 

u 

R.  R.  Carter, 

(( 

W.  K.  Bridge, 

1847 

R.  Chandler, 

1852 

T.  W.  Brodhead, 

u 

E.  0.  Carnes, 

(( 

J.  M.  Brooke, 

a 

J.  J.  Cornwell, 

1853 

W.  P.  Buckner, 

u 

R.  T.  Chapman, 

a 

0.  C.  Badger, 

t( 

A.  B.  Cummings, 

a 

S.  S.  Bassett, 

u 

W.  P.  A.  Campbell, 

(( 

J.  T.  Barrand, 

u 

C.  H.  Cusliman, 

1855 

C.  C.  Bayard, 

1848 

VV.  H.  Cheever, 

u 

G.  H.  Bier, 

u 

C.  C.  Carpenter, 

1856 

A.  T.  Byrens, 

1849 

A.  J.  McCartney, 

(( 

S.  J.  Bliss, 

a 

J.  C.  Chaplin, 

a 

S.  L.  Breese, 

1852 

M.  C.  Campbell, 

(C 

D.  L.  Braine, 

(I 

C.  Dyer,  Jr., 

1846 

K.  R.  Breese, 

(( 

G.  V.  Denniston, 

if, 

E.  Brodhead, 

1853 

J.  L.  Davis, 

1847 

E.  T.  Bowen, 

u 

E.  D.  Dennv, 

u 

F.  F.  Brose, 

<( 

F.  G.  Dallas, 

1848 

A.  E.  K.  Benham, 

a 

W.  DeKoven, 

u 

G.  E.  Belknap, 

u 

J.  D.  Danels, 

a- 

J.  D.  Blake, 

1854 

J.  P.  C.  DeKrafft, 

1848 

J.  Bruce, 

C( 

R.  C.  Duvall, 

(( 

F.  H.  Baker, 

1854 

A.  M.  DeBree, 

1849 

George  Brown, 

1855 

U.  Davidson, 

(( 

142 


HISTORY    OF   THE 


W.  F.  Davidson, 
A.  Deslonde, 
J.  W.  Dunnington, 
W.  II.  Dana, 
W.  G.  Dozier, 
E.  English, 
T.  C.  Eaton, 
J.  R.  Eggleston, 
Henry  Erben,  Jr., 
"VV.  H.  Fauntleroy, 
Joseph  Fry, 
S.  R.  Franklin, 

D.  A.  Forrest, 
T.  S.  Fillebrown, 
J.  L.  Friend, 

J.  P.  Foster, 
C.  W.  Flusser, 
J.  P.  Fvife, 
W.  E.  Fitzhugh, 
Francis  Gregory, 
W.  Gibson, 
W.  M.  Gamble, 
C.  Gray, 
W.  V.  Gilliss, 
S.  P.  Griffin, 

E.  C.  Grafton, 
E.  F.  Gray, 

B.  Gherardi, 
W.  Gwin, 

J.  A.  Greer, 

C.  H.  Greene, 
J.  H.  GilHs, 

H.  M.  Garland, 
R.  Harris, 
J.  P.  Hall, 
T.  C.  Harris, 
H.  0.  Hunter, 
J.  E.  Hart, 
J.  J.  Hanson, 
W.  W.  Holmes, 
W.  G.  Hoffman, 
M.  Ilaxtun, 
C.  F.  Hopkins, 
E.  W.  Henry, 
C.  C.  Hunter, 


1849 

u 

1855 
1856 

1840 
1847 
1853 
1855 
1847 

1848 

u 
u 
a 

1853 

1854 

1846 
1847 
1848 

t( 
1849 

u 

1852 

1853 
1854 

a 
u 

1855 

1846 

u 

1847 

a 

1848 

u 

u 
1848 

u 
u 


A.  W.  Habershaw, 
G.  H.  Hare, 

H.  St.  G.  Hunter, 
Thos.  T.  Houston, 
J.  R.  Hamilton, 
D.  B.  Harmony, 

B.  E.  Hand, 

J.  G.  Heileman, 
J.  W.  Hester, 

C.  E.  Hawley, 
A.  Izard, 

W.  N.  Jeffers,  Jr., 
M.  P.  Jones, 
J.  P.  Jones, 
J.  E.  Jouett, 
W.  F.  Jones, 

A.  W.  Johnson, 
O.  F.  Johnson, 

P.  C.  Johnson,  Jr., 
J.  E.  Johnston, 
J.  Kell, 
G.  S.  King, 

B.  Kennon, 

L.  A.  Kimberly, 
W.  A.  Kirkland, 
R.  B.  Lowry, 
R.  L.  Law, 
L.  H.  Lyne, 
W.  W.  Low, 

C.  Latimer, 

J.  D.  Langhorne, 
T.  Lee, 
S.  B.  Luce, 
W.  S.  Lovell, 
De  G.  Livingston, 
B.  P.  Loyall, 
J.  B.  McCauley, 
R.  M.  McArann, 
J.  V.  McCollum, 
A.  F.  Monroe, 
W.  H.  Murdaugh, 
A.  McLaughlin, 
J.  McL.  Murphy, 
G.  E.  Morgan, 
R.  D.  Minor, 


1849 

a 
u 

1851 

1853 

1854 

1855 
1856 

1846 
1847 
1848 

II 

1849 

1852 

1854 
1848 

u 

1852 
1853 
1856 
1846 

1847 

1848 

a 
1852 

u 

1853 

1855 

1846 

u 

1847 
(( 

u 

1848 
u 

ii 

a 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


143 


E.  Y.  McCauley 
J).  P.  McCorkle, 
W.  K.  Mayo, 
J.  H.  March, 
S.  Magavv, 
A.  McLane, 
J.  Maury, 
W.  Mitchell, 

C.  P.  McGary, 
W.  R.  Mercer, 
G.  U.  Morris, 
W.  McGunnegle, 
J.  P.  K.  Mygatt, 
W.  P.  McKann, 
R.  L.  Mav, 

E.  P.  McCrea, 
J.  G.  Maxwell, 
G.  F.  Morrison, 
John  G.  Mitchell, 
R.  W.  Meade,  Jr., 
W.  N'elson, 
L.  H.  N^ewman, 

D.  Ochiltree, 

E.  H.  Oakley, 
T.  S.  Phelps, 
J.  J.  Pringle, 
L.  Paulding, 
R.  J.  I).  Price, 
W.  L.  Powell, 

J.  Van  Ness  Philip, 

D.  Phenix, 
W.  H.  Parker, 
S.  I..  Phelps, 
Jas.  Parker,  Jr., 
A.  Pendergrast, 
T.  P.  Pelot, 

E.  E.  Potter, 
C.  F.  Peck, 

S.  P.  Quackenbush, 
W.  Reily, 
T.  Roney, 
J.  Rochelle, 
J.  II.  Russell, 
r.  A.  Roe, 


1848 

E.  Renshaw, 

1848 

u 

J.  D.  Rainey, 

1853 

a 

F.  M.  Ramsay, 

1856 

(( 

E.  Simpson, 

1846 

a 

E.  C.  Stout, 

a 

li 

R.  Savage, 

ii 

u 

G.  A.  Stevens, 

u 

1849 

W.  H.  Smith, 

it 

u 

R.  Selden, 

1847 

u 

\V.  Sharp, 

u 

1852. 

J.  H,  Somerville, 

u 

1853 

M.  J.  Smith, 

1848 

(( 

E.  E.  Stone, 

iC 

1854 

W.  Smith, 

(C 

1855 

R.  Stuart, 

(( 

u 

J.  B.  Smith, 

(( 

u 

A.  A.  Semmes, 

it 

a 

J.  A.  Seawall, 

u 

1856 

J.  B.  Stewart, 

1849 

(( 

E.  Shepherd, 

(( 

1846 

G.  T.  Simes, 

u 

1853 

R.  W.  Scott, 

1850 

1846 

J.  G.  Sproston, 

1852 

1854 

0.  B.  Smith, 

t( 

1846 

0.  F.  Stanton, 

1855 

u 

F.  E.  Shepperd, 

i( 

u 

J.  W.  Shirk, 

(( 

1847 

E.  C.  Stockton, 

u 

a 

W.  G.  Temple, 

1846 

1848 

J.  S.  Thornton, 

1847 

u 

W.  T.  Truxtun, 

(C 

4C 

0.  E.  Thorburn, 

1853 

1849 

W.  Totten, 

(« 

1852 

J.  Taylor,  Jr., 

1855 

1854 

0.  F.  Tiiomas, 

1856 

1855 

J.  H.  Upshur, 

1848 

1856 

W.  H.  Ward, 

1855 

a 

J.  G.  Walker, 

1856 

1846 

W.  Van  W^yck, 

1848 

1847 

N".  H.  Van  Zandt, 

1849 

u 

E.  Vander  Horst, 

(( 

1848 

G.  W.  Young, 

1848 

u 

T.  Young, 

(i 

i( 

Total,  251. 

144 


mSTOBY   OF  THE 


VI. 

GRADUATES  WHO  WERE   IN   THE  FOUR  TEARS'  COURSE. 


W.  N".  Allen, 

1856 

G.  D.  Gove, 

1856 

J.  W.  Alexander, 

1857 

N".  Green, 

u 

S.  W.  Averett, 

1859 

C.  J.  Graves, 

1857 

S.  D.  Ames, 

1860 

J.  Grimball, 

1858 

J.  L.  Barnes, 

1854 

S.  D.  Greene, 

1859 

T.  McK.  Buchanan, 

1855 

S.  P.  Gillett, 

1860 

R.  F.  Bradford, 

1856 

A.  Hopkins, 

1855 

G.  A.  Bigelow, 

u 

J.  W.  Harris, 

1856 

G.  M.  Blodgett, 

a 

0.  Hatfield, 

4C 

F.  B.  Blake, 

1857 

J.  A.  Howell, 

1858 

F.  M.  Bunce, 

a 

H.  L.  Howison, 

u 

J.  Bishop, 

1858 

W.  B.  Hall, 

1859 

H.  M.  Blue, 

u 

S.  H.  Hackett, 

u 

G.  A.  Borchert, 

1859 

T.  L.  Harrison, 

1860 

W.  B.  Butt, 

a 

H.  D.  Hoole, 

(( 

W.  H.  Barton, 

1860 

F.  L.  Hoge, 

(( 

F.  S.  Brown, 

(( 

G.  W.  Hayward, 

1861 

G.  M.  Bache, 

1861 

J.  W.  Kelly, 

1857 

T.  C.  Bowen, 

(( 

W.  A.  Kerr, 

1858 

J.  Cain,  Jr., 

1854 

A.  Kantz, 

u 

A.  F.  Crosman, 

1855 

T.  F.  Kane, 

1859 

A.  P.  Cooke, 

1856 

G.  E.  Law, 

1855 

H.  B.  Claiborne, 

1859 

E.  P.  Lull, 

(( 

H.  Cenas, 

u 

E.  Lea, 

u 

S.  E.  Casey,  Jr., 

1860 

J.  N.  Miller, 

1854 

J.  B.  Cromwell, 

1861 

E.  0.  Matthews, 

1855 

H.  H.  Dalton, 

1855 

J.  C.  Mosely, 

1856 

George  Dewey, 

1858 

C.  J.  McDougal, 

^    (C 

T.  L.  Dornin, 

1860 

T.  B.  Mills, 

1857 

A.  Dexter, 

1861 

F.  V.  McXarr, 

u 

F.  0.  Davenport,  * 

u 

H.  W.  Miller, 

u 

T.  n.  Eastman, 

1856 

C.  Merchant, 

(( 

AY.  E.  Evans, 

u 

L.  C.  Mav, 

1858 

LeBoy  Fitch, 

(( 

A.  T.  Mahan, 

1859 

C.  L.  Franklin, 

1858 

A.  S.  Mackenzie, 

(( 

E.  G.  Furbur, 

u 

R.  S.  McCook, 

a 

N.  H.  Farquhar, 

1859 

J.  D.  Marvin, 

1860 

H.  W.  M.  Graham, 

1855 

A.  K.  McNair, 

(( 

KAVAL   ACADEMY. 


145 


H.  D.  H.  Manley, 

1860 

G,  S.  Storrs, 

1858 

C.  E.  McKay, 

1861 

C.  H.  Swasey, 

1859 

J.  F.  McGlensey, 

a 

B,  P.  Smith," 

tc 

11.  E.  Mullan, 

u 

0.  M.  Schoonmaker, 

U 

Charles  S.  Norton, 

1855 

Thos.  S.  Spencer, 

u 

J,  O'Kane, 

1860 

M.  S.  Stuyvesant, 

1860 

Philip  Porcher, 

1855 

T.  L.  Swann, 

u 

R.  L.  Phythian, 

1856 

AY.  S.  Schley, 

u 

T.  K.  Porter, 

(( 

W.  T.  Sampson, 

1861 

G.  H.  Perkins, 

a 

A,  T.  Snell, 

(( 

J.  M.  Pritchett, 

1857 

W.  F.  Stewart, 

<i 

R.  Prentiss, 

1859 

F.  Steece, 

C( 

S,  D.  Paddock, 

1860 

J.  M.  Todd, 

1854 

L.  Phenix, 

1861 

E.  Terry, 

1857 

11.  F.  Picking, 

•it 

II.  D,  Todd, 

(4 

J.  W.  Philip, 

.       " 

J.  L:  Tayloe, 

1860 

A.  y.  Reed, 

1858 

R.  R.  Wallace, 

1856 

G,  C.  Remey, 

1859 

B.  Wilson, 

1857 

H.  B.  Robeson, 

1860 

G.  B.  White, 

1858 

E.  G.  Read, 

u 

W.  C.  Whittle, 

(( 

C.  W.  Read, 

a 

G.  C.  Wiltse, 

1859 

G.  P.  Ryan, 

1861 

E.  A.  Walker, 

1860 

F.  Rodgers, 

a 

.W.  Whitehead, 

u 

Thos,  0,  Selfridge, 

1854 

J.  C..  Watson, 

i( 

J.  M.  Stribling, 

(C 

A.  D.  Wharton, 

(( 

M.  Sicard, 

1855 

J.  Weidman, 

1861 

G.  S.  Shvrock, 

1856 

A.  R,  Yates, 

1853 

H,  B.  Seely, 

1857 

Total,  131. 

EECAPITULATIOX. 

Graduates  who  were 

not  in  the  four  years'  course, 

251 

Graduates  who  were  in  the  four 

years'  course, 

131 

Total  of  Graduates,  from  the  organization  of  the  Academy 
in  1845,  to  the  present  time,  882 

7 


146  HISTORY    OF   THE 


YII. 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  NAYY  TO  WHOM  THANKS,  MEDALS,  AND 
SWORDS  HAYE  BEEN  YOTED  BY  CONGRESS. 

(Extracted  from  the  Army  and  Navy  Register  for  1S39,  by  Peter  Force,  Esq.  Nearly 
all  the  Muster  Rolls  of  the  Navy,  prior  to  181S,  having  been  burned  in  1833,  this  is  all 
the  information  that  can  now  be  accurately  obtained  in  relation  to  the  "  War  Ser- 
vice."") 

Capture  of  the  French  Frigate  Insurgente,  by  the  United 
States'  Frigate  Constellation,  February  1,  1799. 

The  thanks  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  Commo- 
dore Traxton,  his  officers  and  crew,  for  their  good  conduct  and 
gallantry  on  this  occasion,  were  communicated  in  a  letter  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  to  Commodore  Truxton,  dated  13th 
March,  1799,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract : 

"The  President  desires  me  to  communicate  to  you,  his  high 
approbation  of  the  whole  of  your  able  and  judicious  conduct  in 
the  West  Indies;  and  to  present  to  you,  and  through  you  to  the 
officers  and  crew  of  the  Constellation,  his  thanks  for  the  good 
conduct,  exact  discipline,  and  bravery,  displayed  in  the  action 
with,  and  capture  of  the  French  frigate  Insurgente,  on  the  9th 
February.  I  must,  however,  add  that  he  observes,  and  all  the 
officers  of  the  government,  indeed  all  others  I  have  heard  ^peak 
on  the  subject,  join  in  the  observation,  that  this  is  nothing  but 
what  we  expected  from  Truxton." 

The  officers  in  the  lighting  department  who  shared  with  Com- 
i^odore  Truxton  the  honor  of  this  victory,  were: 


John  Rodgers,  lieutenant, 
William  Cowper,     " 
Andrew  Sterritt,     " 
John  Archer,  " 

Ambrose  Shirley,  sailing  master. 


Bartholomew  Clinch,  lieutenant 

marines, 
Henry  Vandyke,  midshipman, 
John  II.  Dent,  '' 

Phil.  C.  Wederstrandt,    " 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


U7 


John  M.  Clagett,  midshipman. 

J.  M.  McDonoiigh,  " 

David  Porter, 

Wm.  Davis, 

Joshua  Herbert, 

Arthur  Sinchiir, 

Thomas  Robinson, 

Saml.  B.  Brooks,  master's  mate, 

Jos.  S.  Smith, 

Daniel  Gorman, 


u 


u 


(( 


(( 


Officers  of  the  Constellation  in 
action  with  tJie  French  ship 
of  war  La  Vengeance,  Feb- 
ruary 1,  1800. 

(See  Resolution  of  Congress  of  March  29, 
1800.) 

Thomas  Truxton,  captain, 
Andrew  Sterritt,  1st  lieutenant, 
Ambrose  Shirlev,  2d  '' 

Saml.  B.  Brooks,  3d  " 

John  H.  Dent,  4th  " 

Danl.  Eldridge,  master, 
B.  Clinch,  lieutenant  marines, 
James  Morgan,  gunner, 
Abraham  Long,  boatswain, 
Pat.  McDonald,  carpenter, 
Robert   Henley,    midshipman, 
Phil.  C.  Wederstrandt,    '' 
Henry  Vandyke, 
Benjamin  Yancy, 
Samuel  Angus,  " 

Saml.  Woodhouse,  " 

John  M.  Chiggett,  " 

Robert  Warren,  " 

James  T.  Leonard,  " 

Benj.  F.  Read,  " 

Thomas  Robinson,  " 

James  Jar  vis,  " 

Isaac  Garrettson,  purser, 
Isaac  Henry,  surgeon, 
John  Murdaugh,  surgeon's  mate. 


a 


(( 


Capture  of  the  Tripolitan  ship 
oficar  Teipoli,  hy  the  United 
States  schooner  Enteepeise, 
August  1,  1801. 

(See  Eesolution  of  Consjress  of  February 
3, 1S02.) 

The  folio v\dng  are  all  the  names 
of  the  officers  engaged  in  this 
action  we  have  been  able  to  ob- 
tain : 

A.  Sterritt,  lieutenant  command- 
ing, 

David  Porter,  lieutenant, 

R.  H.  Lawson,         '' 

E.  S.  Lane,  lieutenant  of  ma- 
rines. 

Capture  and  destruction  of  a 
s^Tripolitan  frigate  (^A^  Phil- 
adelphia), of  forty-four  guns, 
in  the  harhor  of  Tripoli,  hy 
the  United  States  Tcetch  In- 
trepid, February  16,  1804. 

(See  Eesolution  of  Congress  of  Novem- 
ber 27, 1804.) 

ITames  of  the  officers,  sea- 
men, and  marines,  who  volun- 
teered their  services  on  this  oc- 
casion : 

Stephen  Decatur,  commander, 
James  Lawrence,  lieutenant, 
Joseph  Bainbridge, 
Jonathan  Thorn, 
Lewis  Heerman,  surgeon, 
John  Row,  midshipman, 
Thos.  Macdonough,  midshipman, 
Ralph  Izard, 


(4 


143 


HISTORY   OF   THE 


u 


(( 


Alexander  Laws,  midsMpman, 

Charles  Morris,  " 

John  Davis,  " 

Thomas  A.  Anderson,    " 

"NVilliiln  Willey,  boatswain, 

'William  Hook,  gunner, 

Geo.  Crawford,  quartermaster, 

George  Brown, 

John  Newman, 

Paul  Frazier,  " 

Jas.  Metcalfe,  boatswain's  mate, 

^N'icholas  Brown,     "  " 

Edward  Keller,  master's  mate, 

Saml.  Endicott,  quarter  gunner, 

James  AVilson,         "  " 

John  Ford,  ."  " 

Richard  Doyles,      "  " 

Charles   Berryman,    seaman, 

Peter  Murrell, 

Edward  Burk, 

Richard  Ormon, 

Samuel  Jackson, 

James  Pasgrove, 

Joseph  Goodwyn, 

John  Boyles, 

Augustus  C.  Finer,  " 

Daniel  Frazier, 

"William  Graham, 

Reuben  James, 

Robert  Love, 

John  Williams, 

Joseph  Fairfield, 

George  Fridge, 

James  Robinson, 

Matthew  Yates, 

AVilliam  Duckett, 

Andrew  Espy, 

William  Trumbo, 

Thomas  James, 

Joseph  Kormond, 

George  Murray, 

Robert  M.  Knight, 

AVilliam  Dixon, 

Joseph  Parker, 


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u 
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Henry  Davenport,  seaman, 
Michael  Williams,  '' 

Joseph  Boyd,  S.  steward, 
Dennis  O'Bryan,  ord'ry  seaman, 
Jacob  Kurgen,         "  *' 

John  Benton,  ordinary  seaman, 
William  Rodgers, 
Charles  Robinson, 
William  Tripple, 
John  Joseph, 

Marines, 

Solomon  Wren,  sergeant, 
Duncan  Mansfield,  corporal, 
Koble  James,  private, 
John  Quinn, 
Isaac  Campfield, 
Reuben  O'Brian, 
William  Pepper, 
J.  WolsfrandoflT, 

Officers  of  the  United  States'' 
Squadron^  under  the  command 
qf  Commodore  Edward  Freble^ 
in  the  several  attacks  on  the 
City  and  Harhor  of  Tripoli, 
in  July^  August^  and  Se'ptem- 
ler,  1804. 

(Kesolution  of  Congress  of  March  3, 1805.) 

Stephen  Decatur,  Jr.,  captain  of 
the  frigate  Congress, 

Charles  Stewart,  master  and 
commander,  brig  Siren,    - 

Isaac  Hull,  master  and  comman- 
der, brig  Argus, 

John  Smith,  master  and  com- 
mander, brig  Yixen, 

Isaac  Chauncey,  master  and  com- 
mander, frigate  John  Adams, 

John  H,  Dent,  lieut.  command- 
ant, schooner  ISTautilus, 

Thomas  Robinson,  lieut.  com- 
mander. Schooner  Enterprise, 


NAVAL    ACADEMY. 


149 


Charles  Gordon,  lieutenant, 
Joseph  Tarbell,  '' 

Samuel  Elbert, 
Charles  Morris, 
Hethcote  I.  Keed, 
Daniel  S.  Dexter, 
Edward  Bennett, 
John  B.  Nicholson,       *' 
James  Lawrence,  " 

Joseph  Bainbridge,  '* 
J.  Thorn,  " 

Thomas  McDonough,  " 
Michael  B.  Carroll,  '' 
Joseph  I.  Maxwell,  '^ 
AVilliam  Burrows,  " 
Robert  T.  Spence,  " 
Sybrant  Van  Schaick,  " 
John  Trippe,  " 

William  M.  Crane,  " 
G.  ^Y.  Eeed,  " 

Charles  G.  Ridgelj,  " 
Ralph  Izard,  " 

J.  M.  Ilaswell, 
G.  Marcellin, 
Nathaniel  Haraden,  sailing  mas- 
ter, 
Marmaduke  Dove,  master, 
Seth  Carter,  '' 

Richard  Butler,  " 

Stephen  Cassin,  " 

James  Wells,  surgeon, 

Lewis  Heerman,  surgeon, 

Samuel  R.  Marshall,  " 

M.  T.  Weems, 

John  W.  Dorsey, 

Larkin  Griffin, 

L  Graham, 

G.  R.  Jacques,  ** 

N.  Morris,  purser, 

T.  Winn, 

John  Darby,    " 

Jas.  Tooteli,     '' 

J.  Green,  '' 

r.  Leouurd,  chaplain, 


(( 
(( 


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u 

i4 


John  Hall,  captain  of  marines, 
Robert  Greenleaf,  lieutenant  of 

marines, 
John  Johnson,  lieutenant  of  ma- 
rines. 

Officers^  seamen^  and  marines^ 
killed  before  Teipoli,  with  the 
7iame8  of  the  vessels  to  which 
they  belonged. 

July  7 — Si7'en. 

William  Williams,  seaman. 

August  3 — Kautiliis, 

James  Decatur,  lieutenant. 

August  Y — Siren. 

James  R.  Caldwell,  Heutenant, 
John  Spear,  quartermaster, 
John  S.  Dorsey,  midshipman, 
Wm.  Davis,  boatswain's  mate, 
James  Farrell,  quarter  gunner, 
John  Robinson,  seaman, 
John  Holmes,  " 

George  Irving,  " 

Jno.  Meredith,  sergeant  marines, 
Nath'l  Holmes,  private         " 

August  17 — Vixen. 

John  Brown,  seaman, 
John  Jones,  '' 

August  28 — John  Adams. 

Thos.  Macdonough,  seaman, 
Wra.  Fountain,  " 

John  Bartlett,  " 

September  4:—N'autilus. 

Richard  Somers,  captain, 
James  Simms,  seaman, 
Thos.  Tompline, 
James  Harris, 
William  Keith, 


150 


HISTORY    OF   THE 


September  4 — Constitution. 

Henry  Wads  worth,  lieutenant, 
Joseph  Israel,  " 

William  Harrison,  seaman, 
Robert  Clark, 
Hugh  McGormick, 
Jacob  Williams, 
Peter  Penner, 
Isaac  W.  Downes, 
Total— 30  killed. 


Officers  of  tJie  Constitution  in 
action  with  the  ''Gueeeieee," 
August  19,  1812. 

(Eesolution  of  Congress  of  January  29, 
1813.) 

Isaac  Hull,  captain, 
Charles  Morris,  lieutenant, 
Alex.  S.  Wads  worth,   '' 
Beekman  Y .  Hoflman,  lieutenant 
George  C.  Read,  " 

John  T.  Shubrick,  " 

Charles  W.  Morgan,  " 

John  C.  Ahvyn,  sailing  master, 
Wm.  S.  Bush,  1st  lieut.  marines, 
John  Contee,  2d      "  " 

Amos  A.  Evans,  surgeon, 
John  D.  Armstrong,  surgeon's 

mate, 
Donaldson      Yates,      surgeon's 

mate, 
Thomas  J.  Chew,  purser, 
Ambrose  L.  Field,  midshipman, 
Henry  Gilliam,  " 

Thomas  Beatty,  " 

AYilliam  D.  Slater,  *' 

Lewis  German,  " 

AVilliam  L.  Gordon,  •' 

Frederick  Baury,  " 

Joseph  Cross,  " 

Alexander  Belches,  " 

William  Taylor,  " 

Alexander  Eskridge,        *' 


(( 


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James  W.  Delany,  midshipman, 

James  Greenleaf, 

Allen  Griffin, 

John  Tayloe, 

Peter  Adams,  boatswain, 

Robert  Anderson,  gunner. 

Officers  of  the  United  States  in 
action  with  the  "  Macedo- 
nian," Octoler  25,  1812. 

(Eesolution  of  Congress  of  January  29, 
1813.) 

Stephen  Decatur,  commodore, 

William  H.  Allen,  lieutenant, 

John  Gallagher, 

John  M.  Funck, 

George  C.  Read,  " 

Walter  Winter,  " 

John  B.  Xicolson,  " 

John  D.  Sloat,  sailing  master, 

Samuel  R.  Trevitt,  surgeon, 

Samuel  Vernon,  surgeon's  mate, 

John  B.  Timberlake,  purser, 

John  P.  Zantzinger,midshipman, 

John  Stansbury, 

Josepli  Cassin, 

Philip  Yoorhees, 

Richard  Delphi, 

Dugom  Taylor, 

Richard  S.  Heath, 

Edward  F.  Howell,  " 

Archibald  Hamilton, 

John  M'Caw, 

H.  Z.  W.  Harrington, 

William  Jamesson, 

Lewis  Henchman, 

Benjamin  S.  William,       " 

Thomas  Barry,  gunner. 

Marines, 

William  Anderson,  lieutenant, 
James  L.  Edwards,         '' 


a 
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NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


151 


a 
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Officers  of  the  Wasp  m  action 
with  the  Fkolio,  Octoher  18, 

1812. 

(Pwcsolution  of  Congress  of  January  29, 
1813.) 

Jacob  Jones,  commander, 

George  AV.  Rodger s,  lieutenant, 

James  Biddle, 

Benjamin  Booth, 

Alexander  Claxton, 

Henry  B.  Rapp, 

William  Knight,  sailing  master, 

Thomas  Harris,  surgeon, 

George  S.  Wise,  purser, 

John  M** Cloud,  boatswain, 

George  Jackson,  gunner, 

George  Van  Clave,  midshipman, 

A.  S.  Ten  Eick,  '' 

Richard  Brashears,         " 

John  Holcomb,  " 

William  J.  M'Clunej,     '' 

C.  J.  Baker, 

Charles  Gaunt, 

Walter  W.  l!^ew,  surgeon's  mate. 

Officers  at  the  capture  of  the 
Detroit  and  Caledonia^  Octo- 
ler  8,  1812. 

(Resolution  of  Conaress  of  January  29, 
1813.) 

Jesse  D.  Elliott,  commander, 
George  Watts,  sailing  master, 
Alexander  Sisson,  *'  '' 

"N".  Towson,  captain  of  artillery, 

as  captain  of  marines, 
Isaac  Roach,  lieutenant  of  artil- 
lery, as  lieutenant  of  marines, 
William  Pressman,  ensign  of  in- 
fantry,  as  lieutenant  of  ma- 
rines. 
J.  C.  Gumming,  acti^g  midship- 
man. 


Officers  of  the  Cp^STiTUTiON  in 
action  with  the  Java,  Decem- 
ler  29,  1812. 

(Resolution  of  Congress  of  March  3, 1813.) 

William  Bainbridge,  captain, 
George    Parker,    lieutenant, 
Beekman  Y.  Hoffman,  " 
John  T.  Shubrick,         " 
Charles  W.  Morgan,     " 
John  C.  Aylwin,  sailing  master, 
John  Nichols,  "  " 

John  Carlton,  chaplain, 
William  H.  Freeman,  lieutenant 

of  marines, 
John  Contee,  2d  lieut.  marines, 
Amos  A.  Evans,  surgeon, 
John  D.  Armstrong,   surgeon's 

mate, 
DonaldronYeates,  surg'n's  mate, 

Robert  C.  Ludlow,  purser, 

Henry  Gillam,  midshipman, 

Thomas  Beatly, 

Lewis  German, 

William  L.  Gordon, 

Ambrose  L.  Fields, 

Frederick  Baury, 

Joseph  Cross, 

Alexander  Belches,    *' 

William  Taylor,  " 

Alexander  Eskridge,  '' 

James  W.  Delany, 

James  Greenleaf, 

William  D.  M'Carty,  " 

Z.  M.  Nixon, 

John  A.  Wish, 

Dulany  Forrest, 

George  Leverett, 

Henry  Ward, 

John  C.  Long, 

John  Packett, 

Richard  Winter, 

Peter  Adams,  boatswain, 

Ezekiel  Darling,  gunner, 


(4 

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152 


HISTORY   OF  THE 


John  C.  Cummings,  acting  mid- 
shipman. 

Officers  in  the  victory  on  Lake 
Ekie,  September  10,  1813. 

(Resolution  of  Congress  of  January  6, 
1814.) 

LAWEENOE. 

Oliver  H.  Perry,  commanding, 
John  J.  Yarnell,  lieutenant, 
Dulany  Forrest,  '* 

Samuel  Hambleton,  purser, 
Samuel  Horsley,  surgeon, 
William  V.  Taylor,  sailing  mas- 
ter, 
Thomas  Breeze,  chaplain, 
Ursher  Parsons,  acting  surgeon, 
Angus.  Swai'twout,  midshipman, 
Peleg  K.  Durham, 
Henry  Laub, 
James  Alex.  Perry, 
John  Fox,  gunner, 
Joseph  Oheeves,  boatswain, 
John  Brooks,  lieut.  of  marines, 
James  Tull,  sergeant  marines, 
Wm.  S.  Johnson,  '^ 


u 
u 


u 


CALEDONIA. 

Daniel  Turner,  lieutenant  com- 
andant, 

James  E.  M'Donald,  sailing  mas- 
ter, 

Thomas  Kogers,  boatswain, 

Joseph  Beckley,  sergeant  ma- 
rines, 

James  Artis,  sorgeant  marines. 

SCOKPIOI?'. 

Stephen  Champlin,  sailing  mas- 
ter, 
John  W.  Wendell,  midshipman, 
John  Clark, 

John  Fifell,  boatswain's  mate, 
Joseph  BeiT} ,  corporal  mai'ines. 


POECUPIiSrE. 

George   Senate,    acting    sailing 

master, 
Cornelius     Denicke,     master's 

mate, 
Daniel    Armitage,    boatswain's 

mate, 
David  Little,  corporal  marines, 
J.  Packet,  lieut.  commandant, 
Thos.  Brownell,  sailing  master, 
Gamaliel  Darling,  master's  mute, 
John  White,  boatsw;iiu's  mate, 
Kobert  Anderson,  lieut.  of  in- 
fantry, commanding  marines. 

SOMEES. 

Thos.  C.  Almy,  sailing  master, 
David  C.  Nichols,  midshipman, 
Clem.     Shannon,      boatswain's 
mate. 

TEIPPE. 

Thomas  Holdup,  (Thomas  Hold- 
up    Stephens,)     lieut.     com- 
mander, 
James  Bliss,  midshipman, 
Alexander    M'Cullen,    master's 

mate, 
John  Brown,  boatsAvain's  mate, 
James  Blair,    lieut.  of  infantry, 

commanding  marines, 
Jolin  Brown,  corporal  marines. 

TIGEESS. 

A.  H.  M.  Conkling,  lieut.  com- 
mander, 
Alexand'r  0.  Stout,  midshipman, 
Hugh  K  Page, 

Peter  Brown,  boatswain's  mate, 
Wm.  Webster,  corp'l  marint^s. 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


153 


c( 


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NIAGARA. 

Jesse  D.  Elliott,  captain, 
John  J.  Edwards,  lieutenant, 
Joseph  E.  Smith,  " 

Xelson  Webster,  sailing  master, 
J>aniel  Dobbins,       ''  '' 

Robert  R.  Barton,  surgeon, 
Humphrey  Magrath,  purser, 
J.  B.  Montgomery,  midshipman, 
James  L.  Cummings,      '' 
Charles  Smith,  " 

S.  W.  Adams,  " 

Robert  S.  Tatem, 
Simeon  Warn, 
Edward  Bridgeport,  gunner, 
Peter  Barry,  boatswain, 
Geo.  Stockton,  captain  marines, 
Henry  B.  Brevoort,  captain  in- 
fantry, commanding  marines, 
John  Heddleson,  lieut. 
Jonathan  Curtis,  serg't 
Sanford  A.  Mason,     " 

Officers  of  the  Enterpeise  in  ac- 
tion with  the  Boxer,  Septem- 
ber 4,  1813. 

(Resolution  of  Congress,  of  January  6, 
1814) 

William   Burrows,    lieut.    com- 
mandant, 
Edward  R.  M'Call,  first  lieuten- 
ant, 
Thomas  G.  Tillinghast,   second 

lieutenant, 
William  Harper,  sailing  master, 
John  H.  Aulick,  master's  mate, 
Bailey  Washington,  surgeon, 
Edwin  W.  Turner,  purser, 
Kervan  Waters,  midshipman, 
William  F.  Shields,         '' 
Vincent  L.  Sassier,         '^ 
Richard  O'Xeal,  '' 

Horatio  Ewart,  gunner, 
John  Ball,  boatswain. 


Officers  of  the  Hornet  in  action 
icith  the  Peacock,  Fe'bruary 
24,  1813. 

(Resolution  of  (^ongri-ess,  of  January  11, 
1814.) 

James  Lawrence,  master  com- 
mandant, 
John  T,  Shubrick,  lieutenant, 
Walter  Stew^art,  *' 

David  Conner,  " 

John  T.  Newton,  acting  lieuten- 
ant, 
John  Earles,  sailing  master, 
Sylvester    Bill,    acting    sailing 

master, 
Micajah  Hawkes,  surg'n's  mate, 
Charles  Cotton,  acting  surgeon, 
Benjamin  Cooper,  midshipman, 
French  Forrest, 
George  Getz, 
Ira  Titus, 
William  Boerum, 
Wm.  E.  McKenney, 
Thomas  A.  Tippet, 
Joseph  Smoot, 

Officers  in  the  victory  on  Lake 
CiiAMPLAiN,  SejJteniber  11, 
1814. 

(Resolution  of  Congress,  of  October  20, 
1814.) 

Thos.  Macdonough,  command- 
ing the  squadron, 

Robert  Henley,  master  com- 
mandant, 

Stephen  Cassin,  lieutenant  com- 
mandant, 

Joseph  Smith,  lieutenant, 

John  Stansbury,  '^ 

Peter  Gamble,  " 

Francis  Mitchell,         " 

Silas  Duncan,  acting  lieutenant, 

Wm.  A.  Spencer,  ''  '' 


154 


HISTORY    OF   THE 


u 


Horace  F.  Marcellin,  sailing 
master, 

E.  A.  P.  Vallette,  sailing  master, 

Samnel  Kettletas, 

AVm.  M.  Robins, 

Joseph  Lindsay, 

Henry  Few, 

Philip  Brum, 

Dan'l  S.  Stellwagon,  " 

Roger  Carter,  acting  master, 

John  Hazleton,      "         " 

Jarius  Loomis,       "         " 

Gusta^^s  R.  Brown,  surgeon's 
mate, 

William  Caton,  surgeon, 

Charles   T.  Piatt,  midshipman, 

John  Kilburn,  '* 

Thomas  A.  Con  over, 

Daniel  Hazard, 

Hiram  Paulding, 

Frank  Ellery, 

Joel  Abbot, 

Joseph  S.  Cannon, 

William  Boden, 

Lawrence  Montgomery, 

Samuel  Thering, 

Henry  Tardy, 

Samuel  L.  Breeze, 

Walter  IST.  Monteath, 

James  M.  Freeman, 

John  H.  Graham, 

William  Machesney, 

Chas.  L.  Williamson, 

James  M.  Baldwin,  acting  mid- 
shipman, 

Josefjli  Barron,  pilot, 

Thomas  Babcock,    " 

Abraham  Walters,  " 

William  Wright, 


it 
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Officers  of  the  Peaoock:  (in  ac- 
tion  with  the  Eperviee),  April 
29,  1814. 

(Resolution  of  Conorress  of  October  21, 
1814.) 

Lewis  Warrington,  captain, 
John  B.  Nicolson,  1st  lieutenant, 
Samuel  Henlev,  2d  " 

Philip  F.  Yoorhees,  3d      " 
John  Percival,  master, 
Charles  B.  Hamilton,  surgeon, 
Herman  Thorn,  purser. 
Hill  Carter,  midshipman, 
Richardson  X.  Buck,  '' 
John  M.  Dale,  " 

William  T.  Rogers,     " 
Israel  Israel, 
Thomas  Greeves, 
Nehemiah  Tilton, 
William  H.  Jenkins,   " 
Thomas  Cadle,  surgeon's  mate, 
Philip  S.  Meyer,  master's  mate, 
Denison  Baldwin,     "  '* 

Joseph  Price,  boatswain, 
Robert  Benson,  gunner, 
Daniel  Cole,  carpenter, 
Charles  Heyer,  sail  maker, 
J.  S.  Townsend,  captain's  clerk. 

Officers  of  the  Wasp  {in  action 
with  the  Reindeee),  June2^^ 
1814. 

(Resolution  of  Congress  of  November  8. 
1814.) 

Johnston  Blakely,  captain, 
T.  G.  Tillinghast,  lieutenant, 
F.  Barry, 
J.  Reilly, 

J.  E.  Carr,  sailing  master, 
William  M.  Clark,  surgeon, 
Lewis  Fairchild,  purser, 
Joseph  Martin,  boatswain, 
Thos.  Rogerson,  surgeon's  mat< 


NAVAL   ACADEMY. 


155 


(( 


l( 


(( 
(( 


David  Geisinger,  midshipman, 
Ileiir\'  S.  Langdon, 
W.  B^.  Randolph, 
H.  S.  Lovell, 
Frank  Toscan, 
Ashton  Hall, 
William  House, 
Thomas  Bonneville, 
William  O.  Barnes,  sergeant  of 
marines. 

The  Wasp  captured  the  Avon 
of  20  guns,  on  the  1st  of  Sep- 
tember following. 

Officers  of  the  Constitution  (in 
action  with  the  Ctane  and 
Levant),  February  20,  1815. 

(Eesolution  of  Congress,    February  22, 
1S16.) 

Charles  Stewart,  captain, 
Henrj  E.  Ballard,  lieutenant, 
W^m.  M.  Hunter,  " 

Wm.  B.  Shubrick,  " 

B.  V.  Hoffman,         ^     " 
Richard  Winter,  acting  lieut., 
John  Tayloe,  ''         '' 

Samuel  C.  Hixon,  sailing  master, 
John  A.  Kearney,  surgeon, 
Benj.  Austin,  surgeon's  mate, 
Artemas  Johnson,  " 
Robert  Pottenger,  purser, 
Edmd.  M.  Russel,  midshipman, 
Horace  B.  Sawyer, 
James  Taylor, 


u 


u 


(( 


Charles  P.  Durby,  midshipman, 

Alex.  W.  Luff  borough, 

Pardon  M.  Whipple, 

James  F.  Curtis, 

William  Steele, 

Frederick  Yarnum, 

William  Taylor, 

Shubrel  Pratt, 

George  Leverett, 

John  A.  Wish, 

Z.  W.  Xixon, 

James  W.  Delany, 

Alexander  Eskridge, 

Joseph  Cross, 


u 


u 
ii 


u 


u 


(( 


Officers  of  the  Hornet  (in  ac- 
tion with  the  Penguin),  March 
23,  1815. 

(Eesolution  of   Congress,   February   22, 
1S16.) 

James  Biddle,  captain, 

John  T.  Newton,  lieutenant, 

John  T.  Shubrick, 

David  Conner, 

Isaac  Mayo, 

Edward  Ruinney,  sailing  master, 

Benjamin  M.  Kissam,  surgeon, 

Sml.  M.  Kissam,  surgeon's  mate, 

William  P.  Zantzinger,  purser, 

Adam  Kuhn,  midshipman, 

William  Boerum, 

William  Skiddy, 

Samuel  B.  Phelps, 

Thomas  A.  Tippet,  " 

Joseph  Smoot, 


u 


(( 


u 


(( 


Note  by  the  Author. — The  oflScial  reports  of  Commodore 
Preble's  engagements  in  the  harbor  of  Tripoli  contain  excellent 
commendations  of  Captain  Chauncey — "  Aug.  28.  I  cannot,  in 
justice  to  Captain  Chauncey,  omit  noticing  the  very  able  assistance 
I  received  from  him  on  the  quarter  deck  of  the  Constitution 


156  HISTOiiY    CF   THE   NAVAL   ACADEMY. 

during  the  whole  of  the  action.*'  ''  Sept.  3.  I  again  acknowl- 
edge, with  pleasure,  the  services  of  an  able  and  active  officer  in 
Captain  Chauncej,  serving  on  the  quarter  deck  of  the  Constitu- 
tion." A  very  good  sketch  of  the  life  of  Commodore  Chauncey 
has  been  published,  recently,  in  the  New  American  Cyclopaedia 
of  D.  Appleton  &;  Co.,  New  York. — It  is  said  that  Commodore 
Paulding,  who  is  now  the  commander  at  the  Navy  Yard  in 
Brooklyn,  was  but  seventeen  years  of  age  when  he  was  in  the 
action  on  Lake  Champlain,  yet,  such  was  the  want  of  officers, 
that  he  commanded  a  whole  division  of  guns.  He  fired  the  guns 
with  the  flash  of  a  pistol.  Yery  many  of  the  officers  whose 
names  are  on  the  above  list  received  prize  money  for  their  ser- 
vices in  the  successful  engagements.  The  following  are  selected 
from  the  published  accounts:  Com.  Perry  $7,140,  Com.  McDon- 
ough  $22,807,  Com.  Chauncey  $12,750,  Capt.  Jones  $3,750,  J.  D. 
Elliot,  Master  Commandant,  $7,140,  Capt.  George  Stockton  (army) 
$2,295,  Lieut.  Stephen  Cassin  $4,552.25,  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Spencer 
$2,012.75,  Midshipmen  Charles  T.  Piatt,  Thomas  A.  Conover, 
Hiram  Paulding,  Henry  Tardy,  and  Samuel  L.  Breeze,  each 
$1,427.13.  The  curious  student  of  history  will  find  a  full  state- 
ment of  the  distribution  of  the  prize  money  to  the  victors  in  these 
engagements,  in  the  American  State  Papers,  Vol.  XIY.,  p.  564. 

There  are  several  interesting  reports  of  geological  and  medical 
explorations,  by  the  Pwev.  George  Jones  and  Surgeon  Daniel  S.^ 
Green,  in  Commodore  Perry's  Narrative  of  the  Expedition  to  the 
China  Seas  and  Japan,  in  the  years  1852, 1853  and  1854,— Yol.  IL 
The  Observations  on  the  Zodiacal  Light  which  form  Yolume  IH. 
of  this  work  are  also  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jones. 


IMT1.11C  Ml 


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Scott's  Military  Dictionary. 

Comprising  Technical  Definitions ;  Information  on  Raising  and 
Keeping  Troops  ;  Actual  Service,  inuluding  makeshifts  and 
improved  materiel,  and  Law,  Government,  Regulation,  and 
Administration  relating  to  Land  Forces.  By  Colonel  H.  L. 
Scott,  Inspector-General  U.  S.  A.  1  vol.,  large  octavo,  fully 
illustrated,  half  morocco.     $5. 

*'  It  1*3  a  complete  Encyclopaadia  of  Military  Science.''''— FkiladelpMa  Evert' 
ing  BiUletin. 

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per's  Magazine. 

*'  We  cordially  commend  it  to  public  favor." — Washington  Globe. 

"This  comprehensive  and  skilfully  prepared  work  supplies  a  want  that  has 
long  been  felt,  and  will  be  peculiarly  valuable  at  this  time  as  a  book  of  refer- 
ence."— Boston  Conymercial  Bulletin. 

"The  Military  Dictionary  is  splendidly  got  up  in  every  way,  and  reflects 
credit  on  the  publisher.  The  officers  of  every  company  in  the  service  should 
possess  it." — N.  Y.  Tablet. 

"The  work  is  more  properly  a  Military  Encyclop.Tdia,  and  is  profusely  illus- 
trated with  engravings.  It  appears  to  contain  every  thing  that  can  be  wanted 
in  the  shape  of  information  by  officers  of  all  grades." — Philadelphia  Xo/t/i 
American. 

*'This  book  is  really  an  Encyclopnpdia,  both  elementary  and  technical,  and 
as  such  occupies  a  gap  in  military  literature  which  has  long  been  mo>t  incon- 
veniently vacant.  This  book  meets  a  present  popular  want,  and  will  be  secured 
not  only  by  those  embarking  in  the  profession  but  by  a  great  number  of  civilians, 
who  are  determined  to  follow  the  descriptions  and  to  understand  the  philor<o- 
phy  of  the  various  movements  of  the  campaign.  Indeed,  no  tolerably  good 
library  would  be  complete  without  the  work.'' — New  York  Times. 

"The  work  has  evidently  been  compiled  from  a  careful  consultation  of  the 
best  authorities,  enriched  with  the  results  of  the  experience  and  personal 
knowledge  of  the  author." — N.  Y  Daily  Tribune. 

"  Works  like  the  present  are  invaluable.  The  officers  of  our  Volunteer  ser- 
vice would  all  do  well  to  possess  themselves  of  the  volume." — N.  Y.  Herald. 


New  Bayonet  Exercise. 

A  New  Manual  of  the  Bayonet,  for  the  Army  and  Militia  of  the  United 
States.  By  Colonel  J.  C.  Kelton,  U.  S.  A.  With  thirty 
beautifully-engraved  plates.     Red  cloth.    $1.75. 

This  Manual  was  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets,  and  has  been 
introduced  at  the  Military  Academy  with  satisfactory  results.  It  is  simply  the 
theory  of  the  attack  and  defence  of  the  sword  applied  to  the  bayonet,  on  th« 
authority  of  men  skilled  in  the  use  of  arms. 

The  Manual  contains  practical  lessons  in  Fencing,  and  prescribes  the  de- 
fence against  Cavalry  and  the  manner  of  conducting  a  contest  with  a  Swords- 
man. 

"This  work  merits  a  favorable  reception  at  the  hands  of  all  military  men. 
It  contains  all  the  instruction  necessary  to  enable  an  officer  to  drill  his  men  in 
the  use  of  this  wea;)on.  The  introduction  of  the  Sabre  Bayonet  in  our  Army 
renders  a  knowledge  of  the  exercise  more  imperative." — New  York  Times. 


J),  Van  Kostrand'* s  Publications', 


Rifles  and   Rifle   Practice. 

Au  Elementary  Treatise  on  the  Theory  of  Rifle  Firin«^ ;  explain- 
ing the  causes  of  Inaccuiacy  of  Fire  and  the  manner  of  cor- 
recting it ;  with  descriptions  of  the  Infantry  Rifles  of  Europe 
and  the  United  States,  their  Balls  and  Cartridges.  By  Capt. 
C.  M.  Wilcox,  U.  S.  A.  New  edition,  with  engravings  and 
cuts.     Green  cloth.     $1.75. 

*•  Although  eminently  a  scientific  work,  special  care  seems  to  have  b^en 
taken  to  avoid  the  use  of  technical  terms,  and  to  make  the  whole  subject  readily 
comprehensible  to  the  practical  enquirer.  It  was  designed  chiefly  for  the 
use  of  Volunteers  andMiliria;  but  the  War  Department  has  evinced  its  ap- 
proval of  its  merits  by  orderinsr  from  the  publisher  one  thousand  copies,  for  the 
use  of  the  United  States  Army  '" — Louis^i:Ule  Journal. 

''The  book  will  be  found  intensely  interestinsr  to  all  who  are  watching  the 
changes  in  the  art  of  war  arising  from  the  introduction  of  the  new  rifled  arms. 
We  recommend  to  our  readers  to  buy  the  book."— J/i^/tory  Gazette. 

"  A  most  valuable  treatise.''— ^Veto  York  Herald. 

"This  book  is  quite  original  in  its  character.  That  character  is  complete- 
neiss.  It  renders  a  study  of  most  of  the  works  on  the  rifle  that  have  been 
published  quite  unnecessary.  We  cordially  recommend  the  book," — United 
Service  Gazette^  London. 

.m  '"The  work  being  in  all  its  parts  derived  from  the  best  sources,  is  of  the 
highest  authority,  and  will  be  accepted  as  the  standard  on  the  subject  of  which 
it  treats,' — JV>io  Yorker. 


Army  Officer's  Pocket  Companion. 

Principally  designed  for  Staff  Officers  in  the  Field.  Partly  trans- 
lated from  the  French  of  M.  de  Routre,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  French  Staff  Corps,  with  Additions  from  Standard  Amer- 
ican, French,  and  English  Authorities.  By  Wm.  P.  Craighill, 
First  Lieutenant  U.  S.  Corps  of  Engineers,  Assist.  Prof,  of 
Engineering  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point. 
1  vol.  18mo.     Full  roan.     $1.50. 

"  I  have  carefully  examined  Capt,  Craighill's  Pocket  Companion.  I  find 
it  one  of  the  very  best  works  of  the  kind  I  have  ever  seen.  Any  Army  or 
Volunteer  officer  who  will  make  himself  acquainted  with  the  contents  of  this 
little  book,  will  seldom  be  ignorant  of  his  duties  in  camp  or  field.'" 

H.  W.  HALLECK, 
Major-General  U.  S.  A. 

"  I  have  carefully  examined  the  '  Manual  for  Staff  Officers  in  the  Field."  It 
is  a  most  invaluable  work,  admirable  in  arranL'ement,  perspicuously  written, 
abounding  in  most  useful  matters,  and  such  a  book  as  should  be  the  constant 
pocket  companion  of  every  armv  officer,  Kegular  and  Volunteer." 

G.  W\  CULLUM, 
Brigadier-General  U.  S.  A. 
Chief  of  General  Halleck's  Staff, 
Chief  Engineer  Department  Mississippi. 

•'This  little  volume  contains  a  large  amount  of  indispensable  information 
relating:  to  officers'  duties  in  the  siege,  camp,  and  field,  and  will  jtrove  to  them 
a  most  valuable  pocket  companion.  It  is  illustrated  with  plans  and  drawings." 
— Botston  Com.  BalUUn. 


D.  Van  Nostrand^s  Publications. 


Hand- Book  of  Artillery, 

For  the  Service  of  the  United  States  Army  and  Militia.     New  and 

revised  edition.     By  M;ij.  Joseph  Ivoberts,  U.  S.  A.     1  vol. 

18mo,  cloth  flexible.     '?6  cents. 

"  A  complete  catechism  of  gun  practice,  covering:  the  whole  ground  of  this 
branch  of  military  science,  and  adapted  to  militia  and  voluntctr  drill,  as  ■well  as 
to  the  regular  army.  It  has  the  merit  of  precise  detail,  even  to  the  technical 
names  of  all  parts  of  a  gun,  and  how  the  smallest  operations  connected  with  its 
use  can  be  best  performed.  It  has  evidently  been  prepared  with  great  care, 
and  with  strict  scientific  accuracy.  By  the  recommendation  of  a  committee 
appointed  by  the  commanding  officer  of  *,he  Artillery  Scliool  at  Fort  Monroe, 
Ya.,  it  has  been  substituted  for  'Burns'  Questions  and  Answers,' an  English 
work  which  has  heretofore  been  the  text-book  of  instruction  in  this  country.'* 
— NmjD  York  Century. 


New  Infantry  Tactics, 

For  the  Instruction,  Exercise,  and  Manoeuvres  of  the  Soldier,  a  Com- 
pany, Line  of  Skirmishers,  Battalion,  Brigade,  or  Corps  d'Armee. 
By  Brig.-Gen.  Silas  Case^,  U.  S.  A.  3  vols.  24mo.  Half  roan, 
lithographed  plates.     $2.50.  % 

Vol.  I. — School  of  the  Soldier  ;    School  of  the  Company  ;    In- 
struction for  Skirmishers. 
Vol.  II. — School  of  the  Battalion. 

Vol.  III. — Evolutions  of   a  Brigade ;    Evolutions  of   a   Corps 
d'Armee. 

The  manuscript  of  this  new  system  of  Infantry  Tactics  was  carefully  ex- 
amined by  General  McClellan,  and  met  with  his  unqualified  approval,  which 
he  has  since  manifested  by  authorizing  General  Casey  to  adopt  it  for  his  entire 
division.  The  author  has  retained  much  that  is  valuable  contained  in  the  sys- 
tems of  Scott  and  Hardee,  but  has  made  many  important  changes  and  addi- 
tions which  experience  and  the  exigencies  of  the  service  require.  General 
Casey's  reputation  as  an  accomplished  soldier  and  skilful  tactician  is  a  guar- 
antee that  the  work  he  has  undertaken  has  been  thoroughly  performed. 

"These  volumes  are  ba«ed  on  the  French  ordonnances  of  1831  and  1S45  for 
the  manoeuvres  of  heavy  infantry  and  chciHseurs  d  pied  ;  both  of  these  systems 
have  been  in  use  in  our  service  for  some  years,  the  former  having  been^trans- 
lated  by  Gen.  Scott,  and  the  latter  by  Col.  Hardee.  After  the  introduction  of 
the  latter  drill  in  our  service,  in  connection  with  Gen.  Scott's  Tactics,  thero 
arose  the  necessity  of  a  uniform  system  for  the  manosuvres  of  all  the  Infantry 
arm  of  the  service.  These  volumes  are  the  result  of  the  author's  endeavor  to 
cominunicate  the  instruction,  now  used  and  adopted  in  the  army,  to  achieve 
this  result." — Boston  Journal. 

"  Based  on  the  best  precedents,  adopted  to  the  novel  requirements  of  the  art 
of  war,  and  very  full  in  its  instructions,  Casey's  Tactics  will  be  received  as  the 
most  useful  and  most  comprehensive  work  of  its  kind  in  our  language.  From 
the  drill  and  discipline  of  the  individual  soldier,  or  through  all  the  various 
combinations,  to  the  manoeuvres  of  a  brigade  and  the  evolutions  of  a  Corj)s 
D'Armee,  the  student  is  advanced  by  a  clear  method  and  steady  progress.  Nu- 
merous cuts,  plans,  and  diagrama  illustrate  positions  and  movements,  and  de- 
monstrate to  the  eye  the  exact  working  out  of  the  individual  position,  brigading, 
order  of  battle,  *fcc.,  tfcc.  The  work  is  a  model  of  publishing  success,  being  in 
three  neat  pocket  volumes." — J^ew  Yorker, 


D,  Van  N'ostrand^ s  Publications. 


Sword-Play. 


THE  MILITIAMAN'S  MANUAL  AND  SWORD-PLAY  WITHOUT 
A  MASTER. — Rapier  and  Broad-Sword  Exercises  copioiuly 
Explained  and  Illustrated ;  Small-Arm  Light  Infantry  Drill  of 
the  United  States  Army;  Infantry  Manual  of  Percussion  Mus- 
kets ;  Company  Drill  of  the  United  States  Cavalry.  By  Major 
M.  W.  Berriman,  engaged  for  the  last  thirty  years  in  the  prac- 
tical instruction  of  Military  Students.  Second  edition.  1  vol. 
12mo,  red  cloth.    $L 

"  Captain  Berriman  has  had  thirty  years'  exi^erience  in  teaching  military 
students,  and  his  work  is  written  in  a  simple,  clear,  and  soldierly  style.  It  is 
illustrated  with  twelve  plates,  and  is  one  of  the  cheapest  and  most  complete 
works  of  the  kind  published  in  this  country."— A'eic  York  World. 

"  This  work  will  be  found  very  valuable  to  all  persons  seeking  military  in- 
struction ;  but  it  recommends  itself  most  especially  to  otiftcers,  and  those  who 
have  to  use  the  sword  or  sabre.  We  believe  it  is  the  only  work  on  the  Uae  oi 
the  sword  published  in  this  country." — New  York  Tablet. 

*'  It  is  a  work  of  obvious  merit  and  value/' — Boston  Traveller, 


Military  Law  and   Courts  Martial, 

By  Capt.  S.  Y.  Benet,  U.  S.  Ordnance,  Asst.  Prof,  of  Ethics  in  the 
United  States  Military  Academy.  1  vol.  8vo.  Law  sheep.  In 
Press. 

The   Artillerift's  Manual  : 

Compiled  from  various  Sources,  and  adapted  to  the  Service  of  the 
United  States.  Profusely  illustrated  with  woodcuts  and  engrav- 
ings on  stone.  Second  edition,  revised  and  corrected,  with 
valuable  additions,  in  press.  By  Capt.  John  Gibbon,  U.  S. 
Army.     1  vol.  8vo,  half  roan,  $5  ;  half  russia,  *6. 

This  book  is  now  considered  the  standard  authority  for  that  particular  branch 
of  the  Service  in  the  United  States  Army.  The  War  Department,  at  Washing- 
ton, has  exhibited  its  thorou2:h  appreciation  of  the  merits  of  this  volume,  the 
want  of  which  has  been  hitherto  much  felt  in  the  service,  by  subscribing  for  700 
copies. 

"  It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  we  welcome  the  appearance  of  a  new  work  on 
this  subject,  entitled  'The  Artillerist's  Manual,'  by  Capt.  John  Gibbon  a 
highly  scient'fic  and  meritorious  oflicer  of  artillery  in  our  regular  service.  The 
work,  an  octavo  volume  of  500  pages,  in  larire,  clear  tvpe,  apDears  to  be  well 
adapted  to  supply  just  what  has  been  heretofore  needed  to  fill  the  gap  between 
the  simple  Manual  aqd  the  more  abstruse  demonstrations  of  the  science  of  gun- 
nery. The  whole  work  is  profusely  illustrated  with  woodcuts  and  encravincrs 
on  stone,  tendmg  to  give  a  more  complete  and  exact  idea  of  the  various  matters 
described  in  the  text.  The  book  may  well  be  considered  a^  a  valuable  and  im- 
portant addition  to  the  military  science  of  the  country."— iVei/?  York  Reruld, 


6  D,  "Van  Nostrand^s  Publications. 

Evolutions  of  Field   Batteries  of 

Artillery. 

Translated  from  the  French,  and  arranged  for  the  Army  and  Militia 
of  the  United  States.     Bv  Gen.  Robert  Anderson,  U.  S.  Armv. 

•  I  ml 

Published  by  order  of  the  War  Department.     1  vol.  cloth,  32 

plates.    $1. 

.  V  War  Department,  Nov.  2d,  1859. 

The  System  of  "  Evolutions  of  Field  Batteries,""  translated  from  the  French, 
and  arranged^pr  the  service  of  the  United  tStates,  by  Major  Robert  Anderson, 
of  the  1st  liegiment  of  Artillery,  having  been  approved  by  the  President,  is 
published  for  the  information  and  government  of  the  army. 

All  Evolutions  of  Field  Batteries  not  embraced  in  this  system  are  prohibited, 
and  those  herein  prescribed  will  be  strictly  observed. 

J.  B.  FLOYD,  Secretary  of  War. 
"This  system  having  been  adopted  by  the  War  Department,  is  to  the  artil- 
lerist what  Hardee's  Tactics  is  to  the  infantry  soldier ;  the  want  of  a  work  like 
this  has  been  seriously  felt,  and  will  be  eagerly  w  elcomed." — Louisville  Journal. 


Standing    Orders    of    the    Seventh 
Regiment,   National  Guard, 

For  the  Regulation  and  Government  of  the  Regiment  in  the  Field 

or  in  Quarters.     By  A.  Duryee,  Colonel.     New  edition,  flexible 

cloth.     40  cents. 

**  Th'S,  which  is  a  new  edition  of  a  popular  work,  cannot  fail  to  be  eagerly 
Bought  after,  as  presenting  clearly  and  succinctly  the  principles  of  organization 
and  discipline  of  a  most  favorite  corps.  An  appropriate  index  fcicilitates  refer- 
ence to  the  matter  of  the  volume."''' — New  Yorker, 


Ordnance  and  Gunnery. 

A  Course  of  Instruction  in  Ordnance  and  Gunnery.  Compiled  for" 
the  Use  of  the  Cadets  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy. 
By  Captain  J.  G.  Benton,  Ordnance  Department  U.  S.  A.,  late 
Instructor  of  Ordnance  and  the  Science  of  Gunnery,  U.  S.  Mili- 
tary Academv,  West  Point,  and  First  Assistant  to  the  Chief 
of  Ordnance,  U.  S.  A.  Second  edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 
1  vol.  8vo,  half  morocco,  $4. 

Capt.  Benton  has  carefully  revised  and  corrected  this  valuable  work  on  Ord- 
nance and  Gunnery,  the  first  edition  of  which  was  published  only  about  a  year 
ago.  The  many  important  improvements  introduced  m  this  branch  of  the  service 
have  rendered'such  a  revision  necessary.  The  present  edition  will  be  invalua- 
ble, not  only  to  the  student,  but  as  a  standard  book  of  reference  on  the  subject 
of  which  it  treats. 


D,  Van  Nostrand'^ s  Publications,  7 

The  Political  and  Military  Hiftory 
of  the  Campaign  of  Waterloo. 

Trauslated  from  the  French  of  General  Baron  de  Jomini.  By 
Capt.  S.  V.  Benet,  U.  S.  Ordnance.  1  vol.  12mo,  cloth,  second 
edition.     75  cents. 

"Baron  Jomini  has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  greatest  military  his- 
torians and  critics  of  the  century.  His  merits  have  been  recognized  by  the 
highest  military  authorities  in  Europe,  and  were  rewarded  in  -a  conspicuous 
manner  by  the  greatest  military  power  in  Christendom.  He  learned  the  art  of 
war  in  the  school  of  experience,  the  best  and  only  finishing  school  of  the  soldier. 
He  served  with  distinction  in  nearly  all  the  campaigns  of  Napoleon,  and  it  was 
mainly  from  the  gigantic  military  operations  of  this  matchless  master  of  the 
art  that  he  was  enabled  to  discover  its  true  principles,  and  to  ascertain  the  best 
means  of  their  application  in  the  infinity  of  combinations  which  actual  war  pre- 
sents. Jomini  criticizes  the  details  of  Waterloo  with  great  science,  and  yet  in  a 
manner  that  interests  the  general  reader  as  well  as  the  professional."' — New 
York  World. 

"This  book  by  Jomini,  though  forming  the  twenty-second  chapter  of  his 
•  Life  of  Napoleon,'  is  really  a  unit  in  itself,  and  forms  a  complete  summary  of 
the  campaign.  It  is  an  interesting  volume,  and  deserves  a  place  in  the  affec- 
tions of  all  who  would  be  accomplished  military  men." — Xew  York  Times. 

"  The  present  volume  is  the  concluding  portion  of  hie  great  work,  'Vie  Poli- 
tique et  Militaire  de  Napoleon,'  published  in  1826.  Capt.  Benet's  translation  of 
it  has  been  for  some  time  before  the  public,  and  has  now  reached  a  second  edi- 
tion; it  is  very  ably  executed,  and  forms  a  work  which  will  always  be  interest- 
ing:, and  especially  so  at  a  time  when  military  affairs  are  uppermost  in  the  public 
mind." — Philadelphia  North  American. 


A  Treatife  on  the  Camp  and  March. 

With  which  is  connected  the  Construction  of  Field  Works  and  Mil- 
itary Bridges ;  with  an  Appendix  of  Artillery  Ranges,  &c. 
For  the  use  of  Volunteers  and  Militia  in  the  United  States. 
By  Capt.  Henry  D.  Grafton,  U.  S.  A.  1  vol.  12mo,  cloth. 
75  cents. 

Manual  for  Engineer  Troops, 

Comprising  Drill  and  Practice  for  Ponton  Bridges,  and  Pasley's 
Rules  for  Conducting  Operations  for  a  Siege.  The  Sap,  Military 
Mining  and  Construction  of  Batteries.  By  Capt.  J.  C.  Duane, 
TJ.  S.  Engineers.  Plates  and  woodcuts.  12mo,  cloth.  In 
Press, 

New  Manual  of  Sword   and   Sabre 

Exercife. 

By  Captain  J.  C.  Kelton,  U.  S.  A.     Thirty  plates.     In  Press. 


8  D,  Van  JSrostrand''s  P ahllysatlons. 

School   of  the   Guides. 

Designed  for  the  use  of  the  Militia  of  the  United  States.     Flexible 
cloth.     50  cents. 

"This  excellent  compilation  condenses  into  a  compass  of  less  than  sixty 
pages  all  the  instruction  necessary  for  the  guides,  and  the  information  being 
disconnected  with  other  matters,  is  more  readily  referred  to  and  more  easily 
acquired.'' — Louisville  Journal. 

"  The  work  is  carefully  got  up,  and  is  illustrated  by  numerous  figures,  which 
make  the  positions  of  the  guides  plain  to  the  commonest  understanding.  Those 
of  our  sergeants  who  wish  to  be  '  posted  '  in  their  duties  should  procure  a  copy.'* 
—Sunday  Mercury^  Philadelphia. 

"It  hns  received  high  praise,  and  will  prove  of  great  service  in  perfecting 
the  drill  of  our  Militia."— iV\  Amnerican  and  U.  S.  Gazette^  Phil. 

"This  neat  hand-book  of  the  elementary  movements  on  which  the  art  of  the 
tactician  is  based,  reflects  great  credit  on  Col.  Le  Oal,  whose  reputation  is  de- 
servedly hiarh  among  military  men.  No  soldier  should  be  without  the  School 
of  the  Guides." — New  York  Daily  News. 


Gunnery  in    1858  : 

A   Treatise    on   Pafles,    Cannon,    and    Sporting    Arms.      By   "Wm. 
Greener,  C.  E.     1  vol.  8vo,  cloth.    $3. 

Manual  of  Heavy  Artillery. 

For  the  Use  of  Volunteers.     1  vol.  12mo.     Red  cloth.     75  cents. 

"Should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  Artillerist." — N.  Y.  Illustrated  News. 

"This  is  a  concise  and  well-prepared  Manual,  adapted  to  the  Avants  wf  Vol- 
unteers. The  instruction,  which  is  of  an  important  nature,  is  presented  Ih  a 
simple  and  clear  style,  such  as  will  be  easily  understood.  The  volume  is  also 
illustrated  with  explanatory  cuts  and  drawings.  It  is  a  work  of  practical 
value,  and  one  needed  at  the  present  time  in  the  service." — Boston  Commercial 
Bulletin. 

"  An  indispensable  Manual  for  all  who  wish  easily  and  accurately  to  learn 
the  school  of  the  Artillerist." — N.  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser, 


Auftrian  Infantry  Tactics.    . 

Evolutions  of  the  Line  as  practised  by  the  Austrian  Infantry,  and 
adopted  in  1853.  Translated  by  Capt.  C.  M.  Wilcox,  Seventh 
Regiment  U.  S.  Infantry.  1  vol.  12mo.  Three  large  plates, 
cloth      $1, 

"The  movements  of  armies  engaged  in  battle  have  often  been  compared  to 
those  of  the  chess-board,  and  we  cannot  doubt  that  there  are  certain  principles 
of  tactics  in  actual  war  as  in  that  game,  which  may  dt-termine  the  result  ind«- 
pendently.  in  a  erreat  measure,  of  the  personal  strength  and  courage  of  the  men 
engaged.  The  difference  between  these  principles  as  applied  in  the  American 
Army  and  in  the  Austrian,  is  so  wide  as  to  have  sucr*  ested  the  ranslation  of 
the  work  before  us,  which  contains  the  whole  result  of  the  famous  Field-Marshal 
Radetzky's  exDcrience  for  twenty-Uve  ye^rs,  M'hiie  jn  guprem©  command  in 
Italy."-^iy^et(;  York  Century, 


D.  Van  N'ostrand^s  Publications,  9 

Rhymed  Tactics,   by  "  Gov." 

1  vol.  18mo,  paper.       With  portraits.     25  cents. 

"  It  will  strike  the  military  man,  familiar  with  the  tedious  routine  of  drill, 
by  theory,  practice,  and  memory,  a8  a  most  unique  and  valuable  method  of 
strengthening  the  latter,  with  the  least  mental  exertion.  The  author  is  a 
thorough  soldier,  and  his  ability  as  a  rhymester  will  be  conceded  by  any  intelli- 
gent reader.''*— -A^e-w?  York  Leader, 

"Our  author  deserves  great  credit  for  the  ingenuity  he  has  displayed  in 
putting  into  verse  a  Manual  which  would  at  first  glance  seem  to  defy  the  most 
persistent  efforts  of  the  rhymer.  The  book  contains  a  number  of  illugtrations 
representing  some  of  the  more  diflBcult  positions,  in  the  figures  of  which  por- 
traits of  severalprominent  officers  of  the  New  York  Volunteers  may  bo  recog- 
nized."— New  York  Times, 


Maxims    and    Inftructions    on    the 

Art  of  War. 

Maxims,  Advice,  and  Instructions  on  the  Art  of  War ;  or,  A  Practi- 
cal Military  Guide  for  the  use  of  Soldiers  of  all  Arms  and  of  all 
Countries.  Translated  from  the  French  by  Captain  Lendy, 
Director  of  the  Practical  Military  College,  late  of  the  French 
Staff,  etc.,  etc,     1  vol.  l8mo,  cloth.     75  cents. 


Nolan's  Treatife  on  the  Training 
of  Cavalry  Horfes. 

By  Capt.  Kenner  Garhard,  U.  S.  A.      1  vol.  12mo,  cloth,  with 
twenty -four  lithographed  plates.     $1.50. 


Official  Army    Regifter    for    1862. 

New  edition.     8vo,  paper.     60  cents. 


American  Military  Bridges, 

With  India-Rubber  and  Galvanized  Iron  Pontons  and  Trestle  Sup- 
porters, prepared  for  the  use  of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States.  By  Brig.-Gen.  Geo.  W.  Cullum,  Major  Corps  of  En- 
gineers U.  S.  A.>;  Chief  of  the  Staif  of  Maj.-Gen.  Halleck; 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi.  Second  edition, 
with  notes  and  two  additional  chapters.  1  vol.  8vo,  with  plates. 
In  Press. 


10  D.  Van  Nostrand^s  Publications. 

Siege  of  Bomarfund   (1854). 

Journals  of  Operations  of  the  Artillery  and  Engineers.  Published 
by  permission  of  the  Minister  of  War.  Illustrated  by  maps  and 
plans.  Translated  from  the  French  by  an  Army  Officer. 
1  vol.  12mo,  cloth.     75  cents. 

"To  military  men  this  little  volume  is  of  special  interest.  It  contains  a 
translation  by  an  officer  of  the  United  States  Army,  of  the  journal  of  operations 
by  the  artillery  and  engineers  at  the  siege  of  Bomarsund  in  1854,  published  by 
permission  of  the  Frenck  Minister  of  War  in  the  Journul  des  Arm^e!^  apeciales 
et  d e  V Mat  Major.  The  account  of  the  same  successful  attack,  given  by  Sir 
Howard  Douglas  in  the  new  edition  of  his  work  on  Gunnery,  is  appended;  and 
the  narrative  is  illustrated  by  elaborate  maps  and  plans." — New  York  Paper, 


Lefsons  and   Pradical  Notes  on 

Steam, 

The  Steam-Engine,  Propellers,  &c.,  &c.,  for  Young  Marine  Engi- 
neers, Students,  and  others.  By  the  late  W.  R.  King,  U.  S.  N. 
Revised  by  Chief-Engineer  J.  W.  King,  U.  S.  Navy.  Second 
edition,  enlarged.     8vo,  cloth. 

"This  is  the  second  edition  of  a  valuable  work  of  the  late  W.  E.  Kino, 
U.  S.  N.  It  contains  lessons  and  practical  notes  on  Steam  and  the  Steam- 
Engine,  Propellers,  &c.  It  is  calculated  to  be  of  great  use  to  young  marine  en- 
gineers, students,  and  others.  The  text  is  illustrated  and  explained  by  numerous 
diagrams  and  representations  of  machinery.  This  new  edition  has  been  revised 
and  enlarged  by  Chief  Engineer  J.  W.  King,  U.  S.  N.,  brother  to  the  deceased 
author  of  the  work." — Boston  Daily  Adrertiser. 

"This  is  one  of  the  best,  because  eminently  plain  and  practical,  treatises  on 
the  Steam-Engine  ever  published.*"' — I  hitadelphia  Pre^s. 

"  Its  re-publication  at  this  time,  when  so  many  young  men  are  entering  the 
service  as  naval  engineers,  is  most  opportune.  Each  of  them  ought  to  have  a 
copy."" — Philadelphia  Evening  Bulletin. 


Manual  of  Internal  Rules  and  Reg- 
ulations for  Men-of-War. 

By  Commodore  U.  P.  Levy,  U.  S.  N.,  late  Flag-oflEicer  command- 
ing U.  S.  Naval  Force  in  the  Mediterranean,  &c.  Flexible 
blue  cloth.     Second  edition,  revised  and  enlarged,     80  cents. 

"Among  the  professional  publications  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  the  war, 
we  willinsly  give  a  prominent  place  to  this  useful  little  Manual  of  Rules  and 
Regulations  to  be  observed  on  board  of  ships  of  war.  Its  authorship  is  a  suffi- 
cient guarantee  for  its  accuracy  and  practical  value  ;  and  as  a  guide  to  young 
officers  in  providing  for  the  discipline,  poli.ce.  and  sanitary  government  of  the 
vessels  under  their  command,  we  know  of  nothing  superior."" — N.  Y.  Herald. 

"  Should  be  In  the  hands  of  every  Naval  officer,  of  whatever  grade,  and  will 
not  come  amiss  to  any  intelligent  mariner.""— ^os^on,  Traveller. 

"  A  work  which  will  prove  of  great  utility,  in  both  the  Naval  service  and 
the  mercantile  marine." — BaUimors  American. 


D,  Van  Nostrand'*8  Publications,  11 

A  Treatife  on  Ordnance  and  Naval 

Gunnery. 

Compiled  and  arranged  as  a  Text-Book  for  the  U.  S.  Naval  Acad- 
emy, by  Lieutenant  Edward  Simpson,  U.  S.  N.  Second  edi- 
tion, revised  and  enlarged.  1  vol.  8vo,  plates  and  cuts,  half 
morocco.     $4. 

"As  the  compiler  has  charjre  of  the  instmction  In  Naval  Gunnery  at  tho 
Naval  Academy,  his  work,  in  the  compilation  of  which  he  has  consulted  a  large 
number  of  eminent  autiiorities,  is  probably  well  suited  for  thej>urpo8edesifrned 
by  it— namely,  the  circulation  of  information  which  many  officers,  owin?  to 
constant  service  afloat,  may  not  have  been  able  to  collect.  In  simple  and  plain 
lang:ua£:eit  gives  instruction  as  to  cannon,  gun  carriages,  gun  powvler,  projectiles, 
fuzes,  locks,  and  primers ;  the  theory  of  pointing  guns,  rifles,  the  practice  of 
gunnery,  and  a  great  vaiiety  of  other  similar  matters,  interesting  to  fighting 
men  on  tiea  and  land." — 'Wanhingtoii  Daily  Globe. 

"  A  vast  amount  of  information  is  conveyed  in  a  readable  and  familiar  form. 
The  illustrations  are  excellent,  and  many  of  them  unique,  being  colored  or 
bronzed  so  as  to  represent  various  military  arms,  &c.,  with  more  than  i)hoto- 
graphic  literalness." —  Washington  Star. 

"It  is  scarcely  necessary  for  us  to  say  that  a  work  prepared  by  a  writer  so 
practically  conversant  with  all  the  subjects  of  which  he  treats,  and  who  has  such 
a  reputation  for  scientific  ability,  cannot  fail  to  take  at  once  a  high  place  among 
the  text-books  of  our  naval  service.  It  has  been  approved  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  and  will  henceforth  be  one  of  the  f»tandard  authorities  on  all  matter* 
connected  with  Naval  Gunnery." — New  ^rh  Herald. 

"The  book  itself  is  admirably  arrauEred,  characterized  by  great  simplicity 
and  clearness,  and  certainly  at  this  time  will  be  a  most  valuable  one  to  officers 
of  the  Navy."' — Boston  Commercial  Bulletin. 

"Orisinally  designed  as  a  text-book,  it  is  now  enlarged,  and  po  far  modified 
in  its  plan  as  to  make  it  an  invaluable  hand-book  for  the  naval  officer.  It  is 
comprehensive — preserving  the  cream  of  many  of  the  best  books  on  ordnance 
and  naval  gunnery,  and  is  printed  and  illustrated  in  the  most  admirable  man- 
ner."— New  York  World. 


Elementary    Inftruction     in    Naval 
Ordnance  and  Gunnery. 

By  James  H.  Ward,  Commander  U.  S.  Navy,  Author  of  "  Naval 
Tactics,'' and  '*  Steam  for  the  Million."  New  edition,  revised 
and  enlarged.     8vo.     Cloth,  $2. 

"  It  conveys  an  amount  of  information  in  the  same  space  to  be  found  no- 
•where  else,  and  given  with  a  clearness  which  renders  it  useful  as  well  to  tho 
general  as  the  professional  inquirer." — N.  Y.  Evening  Post. 

"This  volume  is  a  standard  treatise  upon  the  subject  to  which  it  is  devoted. 
It  abounds  in  valuable  information  upon  all  the  points  bearing  upon  Naval 
Gunnery."— A^  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser, 

"  The  work  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  one,  and  is  opportunely  issued." — 
Boston  Jmirnal. 


12  2>.  V^an  N^ostrand^s  Publications, 

Notes  on  Sea-Coaft  Defence  : 

Consisting  of  Sea-Coast  Fortification  ;  the  Fifteen-Inch  Gun  ;  and 
Casemate  Embrasures.  By  Gen.  J.  G.  Barnard,  Corps  of 
Engineers,  U.  S.  Army.     1  vol.  8vo,  cloth,  plates.    $1  50. 

"This  small  volume  by  one  of  the  most  accomplished  officers  in  the  United 
States  service  is  especially  valuable  at  this  time.  Concisely  and  thoroughly 
Major  Barnard  discusses  the  subjects  included  in  this  volume,  and  gives  infor- 
mation that  will  be  read  with  great  profit  by  m.ilitary  men,  and  by  all  interested 
in  the  art  of  war  as  a  defensive  force," — J^eio  York  Commercial. 

"It  is  no  light  compliment  when  We  say  that  Major  Barnard's  book  does  no 
discredit  to  the  corps  to  which  he  belongs.  He  writes  concisely,  and  with  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  his  subject." — RusselVs  Army  and  2^' avy  Gazette, 


Inftructions    for    Naval    Light 

Artillery, 

Afloat  and  Ashore.      By  Lieut.  S.  B.  Luce,  U.  S.  N.     1  voL  8vo, 
with  22  lithographic  plates.     In  Press, 


Steam  for  the  Million. 

A  Popular  Treatise  on  Steam  and  its  Application  to  the  Useful 

Arts,  especially  to  Navigation.     By  J.  H.  Ward,   Commander 

U.  S.  Navy.     New  and  revised  edition.     1  vol.  8vo,  cloth. 

"  A  most  excellent  work  for  the  young  engineer  and  general  reader.  Many 
facts  relating  to  the  management  of  the  boiler  and  engine  are  set  forth  with  a 
simplicity  oif  language,  and  perfection  of  detail,  that  brings  the  subject  home  to 
the  reader.  Mr.  "Ward  is  also  peculLarly  happy  in  his  illustration8.'"—J.«ie Wean. 
IJngineer. 

Screw  Propuliion. 

Notes  on  Screw  Propulsion,  its  Rise  and  History.     By  Capt.  W.  H. 
Walker,  U.  S.  Navy.     1  vol.  8vo.,  cloth.     75  cents. 

"  Some  interesting  notes  on  screw  propulsion,  Its  rise  and  progress,  have  just 
been  issued  by  Commander  W.  H.  Walker,  U.  S,  N.,  from  which  all  that  is 
likely  to  be  desired  on  the  subject  maybe  readily  acquired.  *  *  ♦  *  After 
thoroughly  demonstrating  the  efficiency  of  the  screw,  Mr.  Walker  proceeds  to 
point  out  the  various  other  points  to  be  attended  to  in  order  to  secure  an  effi- 
cient man-of-war,  and  eulogizes  throughout  the  readiness  of  the  British  Admi- 
ralty to  test  every  novelty  calculated  to  give  satisfactory  results-.  ♦  *  *  * 
Cornmander  Walker's  book  contains  an  immense  amount  of  concise  practical 
data,  and  every  item  of  information  recorded  fully  provea  that  the  various 
points  bearing  upon  it  have  been  well  considered  previously  to  expressing  an 
opinion." — Londo?i  Mining  Journal. 

"  Every  engineer  should  have  it  in  his  library." — American  Engineer. 


Date  Due 


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